Life and health scientists

Ernst Navratil

Ernst Navratil (1902–1979) was an Austrian physician and gynecologist who led the Graz university women's clinic from 1946 to 1973 and pioneered cervical cancer early detection in Austria.

Ernst Peter Pick

Ernst Peter Pick was an Austrian pharmacologist who led the University of Vienna's pharmacology institute until his 1938 Nazi expulsion, then taught at Columbia University in New York.

Ernst von Leyden

Ernst von Leyden (Ernst Viktor von Leyden, 1832–1910) was a German internist, professor in Berlin, who discovered Charcot–Leyden crystals and treated Bismarck and Tsar Alexander III.

Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke

Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke (1819–1892) was a German-born physiologist who headed physiology at the University of Vienna from 1849 to 1890, taught Sigmund Freud, and postulated water channels in 1843.

Ernst Witebsky

Ernst Witebsky (1901–1969) was a German-American immunologist who fled Nazi Germany to the University at Buffalo, proved autoimmunity with Noel Rose in 1957, and formulated the Witebsky postulates.

Ernst Wynder

Ernst Wynder, full name Ernst Ludwig Wynder, was a German-born American epidemiologist whose landmark 1950 case-control study implicated cigarette smoking as a cause of lung cancer.

Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker

Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker, born 1941 in Frankfurt, is a German geneticist and biochemist who founded the Gene Center Munich and served as DFG president from 1998 to 2006.

Erol Fikrig

Erol Fikrig is an American infectious-diseases physician-scientist at Yale School of Medicine whose research on tick-borne disease led to an FDA-approved Lyme disease vaccine.

Errol C. Friedberg

Errol C. Friedberg was a South African-born American biologist whose research established how cells repair DNA damage, especially in xeroderma pigmentosum, and who led pathology at UT Southwestern.

Errol R. Norwitz is a South African-born obstetrician-gynecologist and maternal-fetal medicine researcher, known for widely cited New England Journal of Medicine reviews, who became Chief Scientific Officer at Tufts Medical Center.

Ervin H. Epstein

Ervin H. Epstein is an American dermatologist who spent 35 years at UCSF, helped identify the PTCH gene behind basal cell nevus syndrome, and led the 2012 vismodegib trial.

Ervin Ray Fox

Ervin Ray Fox is an American cardiologist at the University of Mississippi Medical Center who studies heart disease in African Americans and received the 2011 Presidential Early Career Award.

Erwin Bünning

Erwin Bünning (1906–1990) was a German biologist and botanist, counted among the co-founders of chronobiology, known for his 1936 hypothesis that endogenous circadian clocks underlie photoperiodism.

Erwin Chargaff

Erwin Chargaff (1905–2002) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American biochemist at Columbia University whose Chargaff's rules on DNA base composition helped lay the groundwork for the double-helix model.

Erwin F. Wagner

Erwin F. Wagner, born 1950 in Austria, is a molecular biologist known for engineering the mouse genome to define what the AP-1 complex does in bone, liver, and skin disease.

Erwin Frink Smith

Erwin Frink Smith (1854–1927) was an American plant pathologist with the USDA who proved bacteria cause plant diseases and identified the crown gall bacterium in 1907.

Erwin Neher

Erwin Neher, born in 1944, is a German biophysicist who co-invented the patch-clamp technique for measuring single ion channels, winning the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Erwin Payr

Erwin Payr (1871–1946) was a German surgeon who held chairs at Greifswald, Königsberg, and Leipzig, pioneered vascular surgery, and left his name on Payr's disease and the Payr clamp.

Erwin W. Gelfand

Erwin W. Gelfand is an American pediatric immunologist known for research on severe combined immunodeficiency and asthma, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.

Eske Willerslev

Eske Willerslev (born 1971) is a Danish evolutionary geneticist, Prince Philip Professor at Cambridge and director of GeoGenetics, Copenhagen; pioneer of environmental DNA (2003) and leader of the first ancient human genome sequencing.

Esko A. Nikkilä

Esko A. Nikkilä (1926–1986) was a Finnish professor of medicine at the University of Helsinki, a pioneer of lipid and diabetes research who co-authored the Helsinki Heart Study.

Esmail D. Zanjani

Esmail Zanjani (1938–2019) was an American hematology and stem cell researcher known for developing in utero stem-cell transplantation and the fetal sheep model for testing it.

Esmond E. Snell

Esmond E. Snell (1914–2003) was an American biochemist who helped discover folic acid, identified pyridoxal and pyridoxamine as coenzyme forms of vitamin B6, and pioneered microbiological vitamin assays.

Esmond R. Long

Esmond R. Long (1890–1979) was an American pathologist at the University of Pennsylvania whose research with Florence Seibert produced purified protein derivative, the worldwide standard for tuberculin skin testing.

Esteban Ballestar

Esteban Ballestar is a Spanish epigeneticist who has led the Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group at the Josep Carreras Research Institute in Barcelona since 2019.

Esteban Domingo

Esteban Domingo, also known as Esteban Domingo Solans, is a Spanish virologist known for establishing the quasispecies concept in RNA virus biology at CSIC in Madrid.

Esteban G. Burchard

Esteban González Burchard is a pulmonary physician-scientist at the University of California, San Francisco known for asthma genetics research in minority children and race-neutral lung function equations.

Esteban Mezey

Esteban Mezey is a gastroenterologist and liver researcher at Johns Hopkins University, known for a 1968 serum alcohol dehydrogenase study and a 2003 vitamin E trial in alcoholic hepatitis.

Esther H. Chang

Esther H. Chang, also known as Esther Chang, is an American molecular oncologist, professor at Georgetown University, known for her 1982 oncogene and 1990 p53 Nature papers.