Life and health scientists

Esther Lederberg

Esther Lederberg (1922–2006) was an American microbiologist who discovered lysogenic phage lambda in 1951, co-developed replica plating, and helped identify the F fertility factor of E. coli.

Esther Oliva is a Spanish-born gynecologic and genitourinary pathologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and professor at Harvard Medical School, known for her work on uterine mesenchymal tumors and the WHO classification.

Ethan Basch

Ethan M. Basch is an American medical oncologist at the University of North Carolina whose research showed electronic symptom monitoring during cancer treatment improves quality of life and survival.

Ethan Bier

Ethan Bier is an American geneticist, Distinguished Professor at UC San Diego, known for active genetics and the mutagenic chain reaction, a CRISPR method bypassing Mendelian inheritance with gene-drive applications.

Ethan Dmitrovsky

Ethan Dmitrovsky is an American physician-scientist known for helping establish retinoic acid differentiation therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia, and a former director of the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research.

Ethan M. Shevach

Ethan M. Shevach is an American immunologist whose NIH laboratory performed pioneering studies of regulatory T cells; he retired in 2025 after a 53-year career at NIAID.

Ethel Cesarman

Ethel Cesarman is a Mexican-born physician-scientist, Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine since 2007, who helped discover KSHV and showed it defines primary effusion lymphoma.

Ethel Letitia Cornell

Ethel Letitia Cornell (1892–1963) was an American educational and school psychologist with the New York State Education Department, known for the Cornell-Coxe Performance Ability Scale.

Ethel Shanas

Ethel Shanas was an American sociologist and gerontologist who led the National Surveys of the Aged, co-wrote Old People in Three Industrial Societies, and presided over the Gerontological Society in 1974.

Ethylin Wang Jabs

Ethylin Wang Jabs, also published as Ethylin W. Jabs, is a human geneticist who chairs Clinical Genomics at Mayo Clinic and identified genes mutated in craniofacial malformation syndromes.

Étienne Destot

Étienne Destot (1864–1918) was a French radiologist, anatomist, and surgeon who created the first hospital radiology service in France at Lyon and described Destot's space in the wrist.

Étienne Koechlin

Étienne Koechlin is a French cognitive neuroscientist at Inserm and the École normale supérieure in Paris, known for his hierarchical model of prefrontal executive control.

Étienne Lombard

Étienne Lombard (1869–1920) was a French otolaryngologist of the Paris hospital system who discovered the Lombard effect, the involuntary elevation of the speaking voice in noise.

Étienne Pays

Étienne Pays, born in Belgium in 1948, is a Belgian molecular biologist at the Université libre de Bruxelles known for work on African trypanosomes and APOL1.

Étienne Wolff

Étienne Wolff (1904–1996) was a French experimental embryologist who founded experimental teratogenesis, showing in 1936 that aimed X-ray beams reproduce major malformations in chick embryos, and who led a French school at the Collège de France.

Étienne-Émile Baulieu

Étienne-Émile Baulieu, born Étienne Blum, was a French biochemist and endocrinologist known for mifepristone (RU-486), the first abortion pill, and for founding neurosteroid research; he died in 2025.

Étienne-Jules Marey

Étienne-Jules Marey (1830–1904) was a French physiologist who spent fifty years recording movement in living bodies, improving the sphygmograph in 1860 and pioneering chronophotography, a direct forerunner of cinema.

Ettore Appella

Ettore Appella, born in Italy in 1933, is an Italian-born scientist at the National Cancer Institute who helped identify the p53 tumor suppressor protein and discovered the Wip1 phosphatase.

Ettore Marchiafava

Ettore Marchiafava (1847–1935) was an Italian physician and malariologist in Rome who, with Angelo Celli, named the malaria parasite Plasmodium and helped found the Italian school of malariology.

Euan A. Ashley

Euan A. Ashley is a Scottish-born cardiologist and medical genomicist at Stanford University who led the first clinical interpretation of a complete human genome and set a Guinness World Record for genome sequencing speed.

Eudald Carbonell

Eudald Carbonell i Roura, born 1953 in Ribes de Freser, Spain, is a Spanish archaeologist and paleontologist known for co-directing the Sierra de Atapuerca excavations.

Eugen Bleuler

Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) was a Swiss psychiatrist, professor at the University of Zürich, and Burghölzli director from 1898 to 1927 who introduced the term schizophrenia in 1908, replacing dementia praecox.

Eugen Steinach

Eugen Steinach was an Austrian physiologist who identified the testicular Leydig cells as a source of male sex hormones and originated the 1920s "Steinach operation" rejuvenation craze.

Sep 17, 2026

Eugene A. Bauer

Eugene A. Bauer is an American dermatologist and physician-scientist at Stanford University School of Medicine, known for the biochemistry of matrix metalloproteinases and international epidermolysis bullosa classifications.

Eugene B. Chang

Eugene B. Chang, also known as Eugene Chang, is a gastroenterologist and microbiome researcher at the University of Chicago, known for linking diet, gut microbes, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Eugene Braunwald

Eugene Braunwald (1929–2026) was a Vienna-born American cardiologist at Harvard who founded the TIMI Study Group and edited Braunwald's Heart Disease, called the father of modern cardiology.

Eugene C. Butcher

Eugene C. Butcher is an immunologist and physician, Klaus Bensch Professor of Pathology at Stanford, who pioneered the multistep paradigm of white blood cell recruitment and won the 2004 Crafoord Prize.

Eugene D. Kwon

Eugene D. Kwon is a urologic oncologist and tumor immunologist at Mayo Clinic whose 1997 prostate cancer immunotherapy study was cited by the Nobel Committee.

Eugene D. Robin

Eugene D. Robin (1919–2000) was an American pulmonary physician-scientist and Stanford professor whose work on pulmonary embolism and edema was matched by advocacy of patients' rights.