72,234 articles
Phenylephrine
Phenylephrine, an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist decongestant; IV form treats hypotension, nasal sprays work, but oral phenylephrine (Sudafed PE, DayQuil) was deemed ineffective by FDA advisers in 2023 and proposed for OTC removal in 2024.
Phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria (PKU), also Fölling disease, an autosomal recessive PAH-gene disorder causing phenylalanine buildup; treated by Phe-restricted diet, sapropterin, pegvaliase, and sepiapterin, detected by Guthrie newborn screening.
Phenylpiracetam
Phenylpiracetam (fonturacetam, carphedon, Phenotropil) is a Soviet-developed 1980 phenyl analog of piracetam, registered in Russia in 2003, more potent than piracetam, and the only racetam on the WADA prohibited stimulant list since 1998.
Phenylthiocarbamide
Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC, phenylthiourea), a synthetic bitter compound whose bimodal tasting ability, controlled by TAS2R38 variants, made it a classic human Mendelian trait discovered in 1931.
Phenytoin
Phenytoin, also called diphenylhydantoin and originally sold as Dilantin, is a hydantoin-derivative anticonvulsant introduced in 1938 that controls tonic-clonic and focal seizures and is used after neurosurgery.
Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-producing tumor of the adrenal medulla, the inner adrenal gland, causing hypertension, headaches, sweating, and palpitations; about 35% are hereditary, and surgery after alpha-blockade is the mainstay treatment.
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma–induced hypertension
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma–induced hypertension (PPGL) is high blood pressure caused by catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors, which release norepinephrine and epinephrine and range from sudden crises to sustained hypertension.
Pherodim
Pherodim, a pesticide active substance with EU ID 975, is not approved for use in the European Union; it is listed in the EU Pesticides Database among non-approved substances, with no CAS number recorded.
Pheromone
Pheromone: chemical released by an organism that triggers responses in same-species members; term coined by Karlson and Lüscher (1959); first identified as bombykol; no confirmed human pheromone; used in insect pest control.
Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide
Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), also called pyrokinin/PBAN family peptide, is a 33–34 amino acid insect neuropeptide from the subesophageal ganglion that triggers sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths via a GPCR, calcium, and cAMP signaling, and also regulates melanization, diapause, and other pheromones.
Pheromone trap
Pheromone trap: insect trap baited with synthetic pheromone lures, mainly sex pheromones, used for pest monitoring, mass trapping, and mating disruption in IPM; species-specific, non-toxic, deployed at ports of entry and in orchards.
Phestilla
Phestilla (Bergh, 1874) is a genus of 11 Indo-Pacific aeolid nudibranchs in Trinchesiidae, obligate predators of specific stony corals such as Porites, Goniopora, Montipora, and Pavona, with host-shift speciation and aquarium-pest species like P. subodiosa.
PHEX
PHEX (phosphate regulating endopeptidase X-linked, also PEX or HYP) is an X-chromosome gene encoding a zinc metalloendopeptidase of osteoblasts and osteocytes that suppresses FGF23; inactivating mutations cause X-linked hypophosphatemia.
PHF6
PHF6 (PHD finger protein 6) is an X-linked chromatin regulator gene; germline mutations cause Börjeson–Forssman–Lehmann syndrome, and somatic mutations recur in T-ALL and myeloid leukemia as a tumor suppressor.
PHGDH
PHGDH (phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, 3PGDH) is a human gene at 1p12 encoding the NAD-dependent enzyme catalyzing the first, rate-limiting step of L-serine synthesis; mutations cause serine-deficiency microcephaly, and amplification drives melanoma and breast cancer.
Phi X 174 (ΦX174)
Phi X 174 (ΦX174) is a tailless Microviridae bacteriophage of E. coli with a 5,386-nucleotide circular DNA genome of 11 genes, the first DNA genome sequenced, by Sanger in 1977.
Phi Zeta
Phi Zeta is the honor society of veterinary medicine, founded May 4, 1925 at Cornell University, named from Greek philozoi (love of animals), organized nationally in 1929 in Detroit, with chapters at accredited US veterinary colleges and top-10%/top-25% student eligibility.
Phialophora
Phialophora (Medlar 1915) is a genus of anamorphic ascomycete fungi in Chaetothyriales, Herpotrichiellaceae, defined by collarette-bearing phialides; type species P. verrucosa causes chromoblastomycosis.
Phidippus audax
Phidippus audax, the bold jumper (bold jumping spider), a large black North American jumping spider with white or orange abdominal spots and iridescent green chelicerae; type species of Phidippus, common in gardens, predator of crop pests.
Phil Gold
Phil Gold, born in Montreal in 1936, is a Canadian physician-scientist who co-discovered the tumor marker CEA in 1965, the basis of a widely used cancer blood test.
Phil Skolnick
Phil Skolnick is a neuroscientist and pharmacologist known for benzodiazepine research, the NMDA receptor hypothesis of depression, and intranasal naloxone; he directed NIDA's medications-development division from 2010 to 2017.
Philadelphia chromosome
The Philadelphia chromosome, or Philadelphia translocation, is a shortened chromosome 22 with the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, found in almost all cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia and some acute leukemias.
Philadelphus
Philadelphus, commonly called mock orange, is a genus of about 44 species of deciduous flowering shrubs in the family Hydrangeaceae, named by Linnaeus in 1753.
Philander
Philander Brisson, 1762, the four-eyed opossums (gray and black four-eyed opossums), a Neotropical didelphid marsupial genus from Mexico to northern Argentina; scansorial predators, revised into several species by Voss, Díaz-Nieto, and Jansa (2018–2020).
Philanthotoxin
Philanthotoxin (PhTX) is a polyamine neurotoxin from the venom of the beewolf wasp Philanthus triangulum, which paralyzes honeybee prey and blocks glutamate and acetylcholine receptors.
Philanthus gibbosus
Philanthus gibbosus, the beewolf, a North American solitary crabronid digger wasp (Fabricius, 1775) that nests in sandy soil, provisions brood cells with paralyzed halictid bees, embalms prey with postpharyngeal gland hydrocarbons, and hosts Streptomyces symbionts.
Philautus
Philautus (Gistel, 1848) is a genus of 48 Oriental shrub frogs in Rhacophoridae, now mainly Sunda Shelf and Philippine; its former Indian and Sri Lankan members were split into Pseudophilautus and Raorchestes.
Philemon
Philemon (friarbirds, leatherheads) is a genus of about 15 large honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) of Australia, New Guinea, and Wallacea, with bare grey heads, some with a bill casque, feeding on nectar, fruit, and insects.
Philip A. Beachy
Philip A. Beachy is an American developmental biologist at Stanford University whose research established how the Hedgehog signaling pathway patterns embryos and can be targeted in cancer.
Philip A. Cole
Philip A. Cole is an American chemical biologist, a professor at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital since 2017, known for co-developing expressed protein ligation.