72,234 articles
Button fixation
Button fixation is a surgical technique in which a cortical button passed through a bone tunnel holds ligament or tendon grafts, used chiefly in ACL reconstruction.
Button mushroom industry
The button mushroom industry is the commercial food chain around Agaricus bisporus, grown indoors on composted straw and manure, with over 90% of US, Polish, and Dutch mushroom production.
Butylate
Butylate (S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate, Sutan) is a volatile thiocarbamate corn herbicide, WSSA group 15, introduced 1962, EPA-registered 1967; usage fell sharply and it is not EU-approved.
Butylphthalide
Butylphthalide (丁苯酞, NBP, Enbipu) is a Chinese Class 1 neuroprotective drug for mild-to-moderate acute ischemic stroke, derived from celery seed compounds, approved in 2002, dosed 0.2 g three times daily for 20 days.
Butyrate kinase
Butyrate kinase (EC 2.7.2.7, buk) is an ASKHA-family bacterial phosphotransferase that converts butyrate and ATP to butyryl phosphate and ADP, the ATP-yielding terminal step of the Ptb-Buk butyrate synthesis route, uncommon in gut bacteria versus CoA-transferase.
Butyrivibrio
Butyrivibrio: anaerobic, butyrate-producing curved rods of the rumen (Lachnospiraceae, Bryant and Small 1956, type species B. fibrisolvens); key fiber degrader and biohydrogenating rumen bacterium, distinct from Pseudobutyrivibrio.
Buxaceae
Buxaceae (boxwood family), order Buxales; evergreen trees and shrubs including Buxus, Sarcococca, Pachysandra; petals absent, capsule or drupe fruits; APG IV merged Haptanthaceae into it.
Buxbaumia
Buxbaumia (buxbaumia moss, shield-moss) is a genus of about 12 protonema-dominant mosses in Buxbaumiaceae, recognized by large oblique capsules; B. viridis is Habitats Directive Annex II listed.
Buxbaumia viridis
Buxbaumia viridis, green shield-moss (Moug. ex DC.) Brid., an Annex II EU Habitats Directive moss of decaying deadwood, with 4–6 million spores per capsule, short-lived green spores, and Least Concern European but nationally threatened status.
Buxus
Buxus (box, boxwood), a genus of evergreen Buxaceae shrubs native to Europe, Asia, Africa, Mexico, and the Caribbean, prized for hedging and topiary and threatened by boxwood blight and the box tree moth.
Buxus sempervirens
Buxus sempervirens, common box or boxwood, an evergreen European-to-Iranian shrub used since Roman times for hedges and topiary; threatened by boxwood blight, box tree moth, and psyllid.
Buzz Baum
Buzz Baum is a British cell biologist at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, known for work on mitosis and the inside-out model of eukaryogenesis.
Buzz pollination
Buzz pollination (sonication): bees vibrate flowers with poricidal anthers to shake out pollen; honey bees cannot do it. Bumblebees pollinate greenhouse tomatoes, raising fruit weight up to 74% over non-pollinated controls.
BVPS-123 trial
BVPS-123 (NCT01529489), a randomized double-blind trial at Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil, compared interval elliptical training with combined aerobic/resisted training on VO2 and heart rate on-kinetics in moderate to very severe COPD over 6 weeks.
BW-20829 (DII235)
BW-20829 (DII235) is an investigational GalNAc siRNA from Argo Biopharma, licensed to Novartis, that silences hepatic Lp(a) production; first patient dosed January 2026 in the global Phase 2b trial NCT07235046.
BxPC-3
BxPC-3 (Biopsy xenograft of Pancreatic Carcinoma line-3; CVCL_0186, ATCC CRL-1687) is a human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line established in 1980 from a 61-year-old woman, notable for wild-type KRAS with CDKN2A and SMAD4 deletions and TP53 Y220C.
BY-2
BY-2 (TBY-2, NT-1) is a Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow 2 suspension cell line derived around 1968 at Japan Tobacco & Salt; fast-growing, aphidicolin-synchronizable, the standard plant cell model and molecular farming platform.
BY1298
BY1298 (BY101298, AMO-959) is Chengdu Baiyu's oral DNA-PK (PRKDC) inhibitor for solid tumors; Phase I/II in China from 2023, licensed exclusively worldwide to Novartis in October 2024 for $70 million upfront plus up to $1.1 billion in milestones.
Byoung Chul Cho
Byoung Chul Cho (조병철) is a South Korean medical oncologist and professor at Yonsei University, known for leading the MARIPOSA and TRIDENT-1 lung cancer drug trials.
Bypass grafting
Bypass grafting is surgery that routes blood around a blocked artery using a grafted vessel, dominated by coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), performed about 400,000 times annually in the United States.
Byron Caughey
Byron Caughey (1957–2026) was an American prion biochemist who led the TSE/Prion Biochemistry Section at NIAID's Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Montana and developed the RT-QuIC diagnostic assay.
Byron H. Waksman
Byron H. Waksman, also known as B H Waksman, was an American immunologist who pioneered neuroimmunology, demonstrated the thymus's role in immune tolerance, and taught at Harvard and Yale.
Byrsonima
Byrsonima (murici, nance) is a Neotropical genus of about 160 species of trees and shrubs in Malpighiaceae, native from Florida and Mexico to Paraguay, with fleshy bird-dispersed drupes, medicinal and edible species such as B. crassifolia, and savanna diversification since the mid-Miocene.
Byssus
Byssus: the proteinaceous thread-and-plaque holdfast bivalve molluscs secrete to anchor underwater; also the name of sea silk woven from Pinna nobilis filaments, a rare Mediterranean textile.
Byung‐Soo Kim
Byung-Soo Kim (김병수) is a South Korean biomedical engineer and professor at Seoul National University, known for engineered smooth muscle tissue work in 1999 and biomaterial-based immunotherapies for cancer and osteoarthritis.
Byung‐Woo Yoon
Byung-Woo Yoon (윤병우) is a South Korean neurologist and stroke researcher, professor of neurology at Seoul National University Hospital, known for the 2016 ATACH-2 trial and Korean stroke epidemiology.
C chemokine
C chemokine (XC or gamma class): XCL1/lymphotactin and XCL2, chromosome 1 chemokines with two cysteines, one disulfide, metamorphic fold switching, receptor XCR1, GAG-binding and HIV-inhibitory dimer.
C syndrome
C syndrome, or Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome (OMIM 211750), is a rare congenital malformation syndrome with trigonocephaly from metopic synostosis, intellectual disability, hypotonia, cardiac defects, and CD96 or IFT140 involvement.
C-33 A
C-33 A (C33A, CVCL_1094, ATCC HTB-31) is an HPV-negative human cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell line established in 1964, carrying a TP53 Arg273Cys mutation, MSI-high, used widely in cervical cancer drug, metastasis, and omics research.
C-4-I
C-4-I (CVCL_2253, ATCC CRL-1594) is an HPV18-positive human cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell line established in 1962, sister line to C-4-II, with HPV18 integrated at 8q22.1 near c-myc.