72,234 articles
Calpain
Calpain: a 15-member family of calcium-activated, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases (calpain-1/μ-calpain, calpain-2/m-calpain) that modify proteins by limited proteolysis, regulated by calpastatin, and implicated in muscular dystrophy, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cataracts.
Calpastatin
Calpastatin is an intrinsically unstructured protein that serves as the endogenous, calcium-dependent inhibitor of the calpains, a family of cysteine proteases, and is encoded by the CAST gene.
CALR
CALR (calreticulin, HGNC:1455) is a human gene on 19p13.13 encoding a 46 kDa ER calcium-binding chaperone; exon 9 mutations define a favorable myeloproliferative neoplasm subtype.
Calreticulin
Calreticulin (CRT) is a soluble 46-kDa chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that, with calnexin, guides glycoprotein folding and serves as the ER's major calcium buffer.
Calretinin
Calretinin (CR), gene CALB2, is a 29-kD EF-hand calcium-binding protein with five Ca2+ binding sites, expressed in specific neurons and used as an immunohistochemical marker of mesothelioma.
Calsequestrin
Calsequestrin is the major calcium-binding protein inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, storing the Ca2+ that triggers contraction and signaling store levels to release channels, first isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle in 1971.
Caltha
Caltha, the marsh marigolds or kingcups, is a genus of about 16 accepted species of wetland perennial herbs in Ranunculaceae, type species Caltha palustris, native to temperate and boreal regions of both hemispheres with Southern Hemisphere endemics.
Caltha palustris
Caltha palustris, the yellow marsh-marigold, is a perennial herb of the buttercup family with showy yellow flowers, growing in marshes and wet meadows across the temperate Northern Hemisphere.
CALU
CALU (calumenin) is a human protein-coding gene at 7q32.1 encoding a low-affinity calcium-binding, multi-EF-hand CREC-family ER protein that regulates SERCA2a, the ryanodine receptor, and the vitamin K cycle, and is linked to calcification diseases, cancers, and warfarin dosing.
Calu-1
Calu-1 (CVCL_0608, ATCC HTB-54) is a human lung squamous carcinoma cell line established in 1971 from a pleural metastasis; KRAS G12C homozygous, TP53-deleted, erlotinib-resistant NSCLC model.
Calu-3
Calu-3 (ATCC HTB-55) is a human bronchial adenocarcinoma cell line from a 25-year-old male, used as an airway epithelium model for drug transport, barrier, toxicology, and SARS-CoV-2 studies.
Calu-6
Calu-6 is a human non-small cell lung cancer cell line with a KRAS mutation, established at Memorial Sloan Kettering and used widely in cancer drug screening.
Caluromys
Caluromys, the woolly opossums, is a genus of three Neotropical marsupial species in the opossum family, ranging from southern Mexico through much of South America.
Calvatia gigantea
Calvatia gigantea, the giant puffball (Riesenbovist, vesse de loup géante), is a large stemless Lycoperdaceae puffball fungus, up to 65 cm, smooth white skin, edible when gleba is white, basionym Lycoperdon giganteum Batsch 1783.
Calvin Bridges
Calvin Bridges was an American geneticist in Morgan's Drosophila laboratory who gave decisive proof that genes lie on chromosomes and made the first physical maps of the fly genome.
Calvin college herbarium
Calvin University Herbarium (CALVIN), founded 1948 at Calvin University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; regional herbarium of ~16,000 specimens focused on West Michigan flora, Emma Cole project vouchers, directed by Dave Warners.
Calvin cycle
Calvin cycle, also Calvin–Benson–Bassham or C3 cycle: light-independent photosynthetic pathway in the chloroplast stroma fixing CO2 via RuBisCO into G3P using ATP and NADPH, in three stages.
Calvin J. Kuo
Calvin J. Kuo is an American physician-scientist and the Maureen Lyles D'Ambrogio Professor of Medicine at Stanford, known for organoid cultures and Wnt signaling research.
Calvin M. Kunin
Calvin M. Kunin is an American infectious diseases researcher at Ohio State known for landmark studies of urinary tract infections in schoolchildren and sterile catheter drainage.
Calvin Stiller
Calvin Ralph Stiller, born in 1941, is a Canadian physician who led the multicenter cyclosporine trial, founded Canada's first multi-organ transplant program, and helped build major research institutions.
Calycophorae
Calycophorae are a suborder of siphonophores, colonial hydrozoans lacking a float and propelled by swimming bells; they are the most species-rich siphonophore lineage, with 108 of 186 described species.
Calyculin A
Calyculin A is a marine natural product isolated in 1986 from the Japanese sponge Discodermia calyx that potently inhibits the phosphatases PP1 and PP2A and is widely used in cell biology research.
Calymene
Calymene Brongniart 1822 is an extinct genus of calymenid trilobites (Phacopida) spanning Rhuddanian Silurian to Givetian Devonian, type species C. blumenbachii, the Dudley Locust of England's Wenlock Limestone.
Calypte
Calypte (Capped Hummingbirds), Gould 1856, a hummingbird genus (Trochilidae) holding Anna's hummingbird C. anna and Costa's hummingbird C. costae, iridescent North American species of Least Concern.
Calyptraeidae
Calyptraeidae, slipper limpets or slipper snails (Crepidula, Calyptraea, Crucibulum), a family of Littorinimorpha gastropods with limpet-like shells bearing an internal shelf; sedentary filter feeders, protandrous hermaphrodites, some stacking, with Crepidula fornicata an invasive oyster-bed pest.
CAM (clade)
CAM (clade): plant lineages with crassulacean acid metabolism, a nocturnal CO2-fixing photosynthesis found in 370 genera, 38 families, ~7% of vascular plants, with at least 66 independent origins.
Cam Patterson
Cam Patterson is an American cardiologist who identified the protein CHIP and was chancellor of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences from 2018 to 2025.
CAMA-1
CAMA-1 (ATCC HTB-21, RRID CVCL_1115) is a luminal-type, ER/PR-positive, HER2-negative human breast cancer cell line established in 1975 by Jorgen Fogh from a pleural effusion, estrogen-dependent, with CDH1, PTEN, and TP53 mutations.
Camarotoechia
Camarotoechia (Hall & Clarke, 1894) is an extinct rhynchonellid brachiopod genus from Paleozoic strata, family Camarotoechiidae; PBDB range Ordovician to Permian, strict sense Upper Devonian, suspension-feeding with ribbed, folded shell.
Camassia
Camassia (camas, quamash) is a genus of six North American bulbous perennials in Asparagaceae with spikes of blue, violet, or white flowers; edible bulbs were a staple Indigenous food, baked to convert inulin to fructose.