Life and health

Carl L. Schildkraut

Carl L. Schildkraut is a molecular biologist and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, known for studying DNA replication timing and telomeres.

Carl Leavitt Hubbs

Carl Leavitt Hubbs (1894–1979) was an American ichthyologist who grew the University of Michigan fish collection from 5,000 to nearly 2 million specimens before moving to Scripps.

Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus, also known as Carl von Linné (1707–1778), was a Swedish botanist and professor of medicine at Uppsala whose binomial system of naming species became the foundation of modern taxonomy.

Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig was a German physiologist and professor at Leipzig remembered for the kymograph, his 1842 renal filtration theory, and an institute that trained more than 200 physiologists.

Carl Ludwig Alfred Fiedler

Carl Ludwig Alfred Fiedler (1835–1921) was a German internist and pathologist who led the Dresden-Friedrichstadt hospital's internal department, served three Saxon kings, and described Fiedler's myocarditis.

Carl Ludwig Schleich

Carl Ludwig Schleich (1859–1922) was a German surgeon who developed and standardized local infiltration anesthesia with dilute cocaine, described in his 1894 book Schmerzlose Operationen.

Carl Moore

Carl Vernon Moore (1908–1972) was an American hematologist who headed medicine at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and showed that blood plasma transports iron.

Carl Nathan

Carl F. Nathan is an American immunologist and microbiologist at Weill Cornell Medical College whose work defined how macrophages are activated to kill microbes, including tuberculosis research.

Carl Neuberg

Carl Neuberg (1877–1956) was a German biochemist called a founder of modern biochemistry; he built the first chemical scheme of alcoholic fermentation and directed the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biochemistry in Berlin.

Carl Nicoladoni

Carl Nicoladoni (1847–1902) was an Austrian surgeon, professor of surgery in Innsbruck and then Graz, remembered for the first tendon transplantation and the first toe-to-hand thumb replacement.

Carl O. Pabo

Carl O. Pabo, also written C.O. Pabo, is an American structural biologist born in 1952 known for determining crystal structures of DNA-binding proteins, including homeodomains and zinc fingers.

Carl Pantin

Carl Frederick Abel Pantin was a British zoologist and invertebrate physiologist who worked on amoeboid movement and sea anemone nervous systems, becoming Professor of Zoology at Cambridge.

Carl Rabl

Carl Rabl (1853–1917) was an Austrian anatomist, professor in Vienna, Prague, and Leipzig, whose 1885 treatise proposed that chromosomes persist through cell division, giving the Rabl configuration.

Carl Richard Moore

Carl Richard Moore (1892–1955) was an American zoologist at the University of Chicago who studied sex hormones, sperm production, and gonad–pituitary feedback, elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1944.

Carl Röse

Carl Röse (1864–1947) was a German dentist and physician who researched dental caries and nutrition, and was the first known dentist nominated for a Nobel Prize.

Carl S Thummel

Carl S Thummel is an American Drosophila geneticist and Professor Emeritus of Human Genetics at the University of Utah, a longtime HHMI Investigator known for ecdysone and nuclear receptor research.

Carl S. Parker

Carl S. Parker is a molecular biologist at the California Institute of Technology known for his 1984 and 1988 Cell papers on heat-shock transcription factors.

Carl Safina

Carl Safina (born 1955) is an American ecologist and writer known for marine conservation work, books including Song for the Blue Ocean, and founding the Safina Center.

Carl Schlatter

Carl Schlatter (1864–1934) was a Swiss surgeon and professor at the University of Zurich who performed the first successful total gastrectomy, complete removal of the stomach, in 1897.

Carl Schoonover

Carl Schoonover is a neuroscientist at the Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics who studies how brains learn from unstructured experience, and who co-founded the NeuWrite science-writing group.

Carl Sternberg

Carl Sternberg (1872–1935) was an Austrian pathologist and histologist who described the multinucleated giant cells of Hodgkin's disease in 1898, now known as Reed–Sternberg cells.

Carl von Hess

Carl von Hess, born Carl Hess, was a German ophthalmologist and physiologist who held chairs at Marburg, Würzburg, and Munich and proved Helmholtz's theory of accommodation.

Carl von Voit

Carl von Voit (1831–1908) was a German physiologist, professor at Munich from 1863, who measured metabolism in mammals and humans and founded modern nutritional science.

Carl W. Cotman

Carl W. Cotman, also known as Carl Cotman, was an American neuroscientist at UC Irvine who founded UCI MIND and showed that exercise increases BDNF, a protein protecting neurons.

Carl W. Gottschalk

Carl W. Gottschalk (1922–1997) was an American renal physiologist at the University of North Carolina who used micropuncture to show how the kidney concentrates urine.

Carl W. Schmid

Carl W. Schmid is a molecular biologist and professor emeritus at UC Davis whose laboratory discovered the Alu repeat, about 10 percent of the human genome, in 1979.

Carl W. White

Carl W. White is an American physician-scientist in pediatric pulmonology, now Professor Emeriti at the University of Colorado, known for his 1984 coronary angiogram study.

Carl Wernicke

Carl Wernicke (1848–1905), German neurologist and psychiatrist, described the Wernicke area (Brodmann area 22) in his 1874 aphasia monograph and Wernicke encephalopathy in 1881; modern research reassigns his area's function.

Carl Woese

Carl Woese (1928–2012) was an American microbiologist at the University of Illinois who discovered the Archaea by sequencing ribosomal RNA and proposed the three domains of life in 1990.