72,234 articles
Carney complex
Carney complex (CNC, Carney syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome with lentigines, myxomas, PPNAD/Cushing syndrome, acromegaly, and thyroid tumors, caused mostly by PRKAR1A mutations; distinct from Carney triad.
Carney complex-trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome
Carney complex-trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome (Carney complex variant, ORPHA:319340) is a rare heart-hand syndrome combining Carney complex features with trismus and distal arthrogryposis, linked to the MYH8 Arg674Gln mutation, though its distinctness from Carney complex is disputed.
Carney triad
Carney triad is a rare non-hereditary syndrome of gastric GIST, pulmonary chondroma, and extra-adrenal paraganglioma, mainly in young women; SDHC hypermethylation causes SDH deficiency, distinguishing it from Carney-Stratakis syndrome.
Carney-Stratakis syndrome
Carney-Stratakis syndrome (Carney dyad, OMIM 606864) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome of paragangliomas and gastric GISTs caused by germline SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, or SDHA mutations, distinct from sporadic Carney triad.
Carniolan honey bee
Carniolan honey bee (Kranjska čebela, Apis mellifera carnica), grey gentle subspecies of the western honey bee described by Pollmann in 1879, native to Slovenia and the central Alps; second most widespread subspecies, the only bee legally permitted in Slovenia.
Carnitine
Carnitine (L-carnitine, levocarnitine, vitamin BT) is a lysine-derived compound that shuttles fatty acids into mitochondria; made in liver, kidneys, and brain, abundant in red meat, conditionally essential, and studied for exercise, heart, and metabolic effects.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1, CPT1A liver isoform) is the rate-limiting outer mitochondrial membrane enzyme of fatty acid oxidation, inhibited by malonyl-CoA; deficiency causes hypoketotic hypoglycemia and it is a cancer drug target.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (CPT II deficiency, CPT2 deficiency) is an autosomal recessive fatty-acid oxidation disorder with lethal neonatal, severe infantile, and myopathic forms, treated with low-fat diet and triheptanoin.
Carnitine shuttle
Carnitine shuttle: CPT1, CACT (SLC25A20), and CPT2 transport long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs across the inner mitochondrial membrane as acylcarnitines for beta oxidation; malonyl-CoA inhibits CPT1; defects cause FAO disorders.
Carnitine synthesis
Carnitine synthesis, also called L-carnitine biosynthesis, is the four-step mammalian pathway converting protein-derived trimethyllysine to carnitine via TMLHE, SHMT1, ALDH9A1, and BBOX1, the last step limited to liver and kidney.
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency
CACT deficiency (OMIM 212138) is a rare autosomal recessive SLC25A20 fatty acid oxidation disorder presenting neonatally with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy, with high first-year mortality.
Carnivora
Carnivora is an order of placental mammals, split into the dog-like Caniformia and cat-like Feliformia, that includes dogs, cats, bears, seals, weasels, raccoons, mongooses, civets, and hyenas.
Carnivore
Carnivore: an animal that eats mainly flesh, and the mammalian order Carnivora (cats, dogs, bears, seals), about 270 species with carnassial teeth; the domestic dog is the only large carnivore ever domesticated.
Carnivore diet
Carnivore diet, also called the zero carb diet: an all-animal-food eating pattern excluding all plant foods, the most ketogenic low-carb diet, with limited evidence and identified risks including raised LDL cholesterol and nutrient deficiencies.
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (Protoparvovirus carnivoran1) is an ICTV parvovirus species grouping feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus type 2, and mink, raccoon, and related carnivore parvoviruses; CPV emerged from an FPV-like ancestor in the 1970s.
Carnivorous plant
Carnivorous plants, also known as insectivorous plants, trap and digest insects and other small prey for nutrients, an adaptation to nutrient-poor habitats like bogs that has evolved independently at least 13 times.
Carnobacterium
Carnobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria named from the Latin for flesh, proposed in 1987 and known for growing at low temperatures on chilled fish and meat.
Carnobacterium divergens
Carnobacterium divergens is a psychrotolerant lactic acid bacterium from vacuum-packed meat and seafood, studied as a Listeria-inhibiting bioprotective culture; strain M35 holds FDA GRAS (GRN 1066), Canadian, and EFSA QPS status, while tyramine production is its main food-safety concern.
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (formerly C. piscicola, Lactobacillus maltaromicus) is a psychrotrophic lactic acid bacterium of chilled foods and freshwater; strain CB1 is FDA GRAS and Health Canada approved to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meats.
Carnosinaemia
Carnosinase deficiency (carnosinemia, CNDP1/CN1 deficiency, OMIM 212200): ultra-rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with low serum carnosinase, carnosinuria, and carnosinemia; variable neurological phenotype, causality debated.
Carnosine
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), also called L-carnosine, is an endogenous dipeptide abundant in muscle and brain, studied as an antioxidant antiglycation supplement with meta-analytic support for lowering glucose and HbA1c in diabetes.
Carnotaurus
Carnotaurus sastrei, the "meat-eating bull", a horned abelisaurid theropod dinosaur from Late Cretaceous (about 70 Ma) Chubut, Argentina; 8 m long, tiny four-fingered arms, one 1984 skeleton, described by Bonaparte in 1985.
Carob
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), Mediterranean evergreen legume; sweet pods ground as caffeine-free cocoa substitute, seeds yield locust bean gum; major producers Spain, Italy, Portugal.
Carol A. Barnes
Carol A. Barnes is an American neuroscientist at the University of Arizona who studies how normal aging changes the hippocampus and memory, and who invented the Barnes maze.
Carol A. Carter
Carol A. Carter is an American virologist at Stony Brook University known for her work on HIV assembly, budding, and retroviral proteases; she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2024.
Carol A. Gross
Carol A. Gross, also known as Carol Gross, is an American molecular biologist at the University of California, San Francisco, known for her work on bacterial transcription and stress responses.
Carol A. Kauffman
Carol A. Kauffman, also known as Carol Kauffman, is an American infectious-disease physician-scientist who led the VA Ann Arbor Infectious Diseases Section from 1977 to 2021.
Carol Brayne
Carol Brayne is a British epidemiologist and public health physician who was Professor of Public Health Medicine at Cambridge from 2001 to 2024, leading the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies of dementia.
Carol Davila
Carol Davila (1828–1884), born Carlo Antonio Francesco d'Avila in Parma, Italy, was a physician who arrived in Bucharest in 1853 and founded Romanian medical education.
Carol Gino
Carol Gino (born 1941) is an American registered nurse and author of The Nurse's Story (1982) and Rusty's Story; longtime companion of Mario Puzo, she completed his novel The Family in 2001.