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Cerebral shunt
Cerebral shunt, also called CSF or brain shunt, including the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt: implanted catheter-and-valve system draining excess cerebrospinal fluid from brain ventricles to the abdomen or heart to treat hydrocephalus; main risks are infection, blockage, and overdrainage.
Cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes
Cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes, best known as reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), cause severe thunderclap headaches with narrowing of cerebral arteries that reverses within 3 months.
Cerebral vasospasm
Cerebral vasospasm, artery narrowing after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, peaks days 4-10, affects up to 70% of patients, is detected by DSA, TCD, or CTA, and is treated with nimodipine.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, CVT) is a rare stroke type caused by clot in the dural venous sinuses or cerebral veins, affecting young adults and newborns, treated with heparin anticoagulation.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in pregnancy
Cerebral venous thrombosis in pregnancy, also called CVST or obstetric cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, is clotting of dural venous sinuses or cerebral veins during pregnancy or the puerperium; risk peaks postpartum, LMWH is first-line therapy, and maternal mortality reaches about 8%.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in the puerperium
Cerebral venous thrombosis in the puerperium is a rare but serious stroke, caused by blood clots in the brain's venous sinuses in the six weeks after childbirth.
Cerebral Ventriculography
Cerebral ventriculography, also called ventriculography, is X-ray imaging of the brain's ventricles after injecting air directly through a burr hole, devised by Walter Dandy in 1918 and made obsolete by CT in the 1970s.
Cerebral visual impairment
Cerebral visual impairment (CVI), also called cortical visual impairment, is brain-caused visual dysfunction in children, a leading cause of pediatric vision loss in the United States.
Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome
Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome (CCMS, rib gap defects with micrognathia) is a rare SNRPB-related congenital disorder with posterior rib gaps, palatal defects, micrognathia, glossoptosis, and neonatal respiratory distress; 25% die in the first month.
Cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome
Cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome (CAMS), formerly Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc or Wyburn-Mason syndrome, is a rare sporadic disorder of ipsilateral metameric brain, orbital, and facial AVMs in three subtypes, presenting before the third decade.
Cerebrofacioarticular syndrome
Cerebrofacioarticular syndrome, or Van Maldergem syndrome (ORPHA:314679), is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomalies disorder caused by DCHS1 or FAT4 variants, featuring intellectual disability, distinctive facies, joint contractures, and neuronal heterotopia.
Cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia
Cerebrofaciothoracic dysplasia (CFTD, Pascual-Castroviejo syndrome type 1, TMCO1 defect syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with facial dysmorphism, severe intellectual disability, and rib and vertebral anomalies, caused by TMCO1 loss-of-function mutations; prevalence under 1 in 1,000,000.
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (liquor cerebrospinalis) is the clear liquid filling the brain ventricles and subarachnoid space, mainly secreted by the choroid plexus, first described in the Edwin Smith papyrus and named by Magendie.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is a diagnostic test in which CSF, usually obtained by lumbar puncture, is examined for cells, protein, glucose, and pathogens to diagnose central nervous system disease.
Cerebrospinal fluid diversion
Cerebrospinal fluid diversion is a neurosurgical procedure that redirects CSF flow to relieve hydrocephalus, using implanted shunts draining to the abdomen or endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
Cerebrospinal fluid fistula
Cerebrospinal fluid fistula (ICD-11 8D65), abnormal CSF leak through the dura, cranial or spinal, traumatic, iatrogenic, or spontaneous; endoscopic repair succeeds in about 94% of spontaneous rhinorrhea cases with fewer complications than open surgery.
Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea
Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea (ICD-11 8D63) is CSF leaking through the ear, usually after temporal bone trauma or surgery, sometimes spontaneous in obese women; diagnosed by beta-2-transferrin and repaired via transmastoid, middle cranial fossa, or combined surgery.
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (CSF leak, 髄液鼻漏) is CSF leaking from the nose through a skull base defect, usually traumatic or iatrogenic, confirmed by beta-2 transferrin testing and localized with HRCT or MR cisternography, and repaired endoscopically.
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX, cerebral cholesterinosis, MIM 213700) is a rare autosomal recessive CYP27A1 lipid-storage disorder causing cholestanol deposition, diarrhea, cataracts, xanthomas, and neurological decline; treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (Ctexli, FDA-approved 2025).
Cerebrovascular abnormalities
Cerebrovascular abnormalities (ICD-11 8B23): a WHO classification category for secondary abnormalities of cerebral blood vessels arising in systemic diseases such as Takayasu disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, sarcoidosis, lupus arteritis, and amyloid angiopathy, coded with the underlying disease.
Cerebrovascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease, also called cerebrovascular disorder, is a group of conditions in which diseased or damaged blood vessels reduce blood flow to the brain, most commonly causing stroke.
Cerebrum
Cerebrum: the largest brain division, two hemispheres joined by the corpus callosum, four lobes each, folded cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, and higher functions like language, memory, and vision.
Ceres (mythology)
Ceres, ancient Italo-Roman goddess of agriculture and growth (root of 'cereal'), identified with Greek Demeter; Aventine triad with Liber and Libera, plebeian cult, Cerealia games April 12–19, August women's fast festival, and Jejunium Cereris fast from 191 BC.
Cereus
Cereus (candle cactus genus, Cactaceae), 30 accepted columnar South American and Caribbean cacti with nocturnal flowers and slit-dehiscent fruits; includes C. jamacaru, C. repandus, C. hildmannianus; distinct from Bacillus cereus bacteria.
Cereus hexagonus
Cereus hexagonus, the lady of the night cactus (also blue cereus, reina de la noche), is a treelike columnar Cactaceae from northern South America and northern Brazil, the type of genus Cereus, with six-angled branches, fragrant white night flowers, and edible red fruit.
Cerevisane
Cerevisane, cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117, is an EU-approved low-risk fungicide active substance that induces plant systemic resistance preventively; sold as Romeo (94.1% WP) for grapevine, vegetables, and strawberries.
Cerioporus squamosus
Cerioporus squamosus, Dryad's Saddle or Pheasant's Back (formerly Polyporus squamosus), a large scaly polypore bracket fungus on hardwoods in Europe, North America, and Asia; spring fruiting, large angular pores, cucumber smell, edible when young.
Cerithiidae
Cerithiidae (ceriths), Fleming 1822, a family of about 185 shallow-water marine gastropods in Cerithioidea, abundant intertidal grazers of the Indo-Pacific, with subfamilies Cerithiinae and Bittiinae and disputed monophyly.
Cerithioidea
Cerithioidea (Fleming, 1822) is a superfamily of caenogastropod snails with about 14 families and over 200 genera, mostly marine but with thrice-evolved freshwater lineages such as Pleuroceridae, Melanopsidae, and Thiaridae.
Cerithium
Cerithium (Bruguiere, 1789) is a genus of high-spired marine snails in the family Cerithiidae; type species C. adansonii per ICZN Opinion 1109, Indo-Pacific monograph by Houbrick 1992.