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Children's Health Insurance Program
The Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), formerly SCHIP, is a joint federal-state program created in 1997 that covers uninsured children whose families earn too much for Medicaid; some states also cover pregnant women.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), founded November 23, 1855, is the first US hospital dedicated exclusively to children, a nonprofit pediatric hospital in Philadelphia known for vaccine firsts, fetal surgery, gene therapy, and top US News rankings.
Children's Medical Center (Dallas, US)
Children's Medical Center Dallas, flagship of Children's Health at 1935 Medical District Dr, is a 488-bed academic pediatric hospital, North Texas's only pediatric Level I trauma center, founded 1913 as the Dallas Baby Camp, to be replaced by a $5B campus in 2031.
Children's Medical Center (Tehran, IR)
Children's Medical Center (مرکز طبی کودکان تهران), Tehran, Iran: public pediatric teaching hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, founded 1969, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, major national referral and subspecialty training hospital.
Children's National
Children's National is a nonprofit pediatric academic health system in Washington, D.C., chartered in 1870, with 326 beds and a ranking among the top 10 children's hospitals nationally.
Children's Research Hospital
Children's Research Hospital (小児疾患研究施設, Kyoto Prefectural Children's Hospital) is the pediatric facility of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, completed November 1982, now part of a pediatric cancer core hospital with PICU and PCAT.
Chilean recluse spider
Chilean recluse spider, Loxosceles laeta, araña de rincón, a South American Sicariidae spider causing all loxoscelism in Chile; among the most toxic Loxosceles, introduced to southern California, with sphingomyelinase D venom.
Chilean rose tarantula
Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea, formerly G. porteri), a large Theraphosidae spider from Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia; a staple pet-trade tarantula listed on CITES Appendix II in December 2025.
Chili pepper
Chili pepper (Capsicum): American-native Solanaceae fruit whose capsaicin activates TRPV1, causing pungency. Domesticated in Mexico ~6,000 years ago; five domesticated species; capsaicin is an approved topical pain treatment.
Chilli leaf curl virus
Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV), a monopartite begomovirus of Geminiviridae, is a whitefly-transmitted ssDNA pathogen of chilli in South Asia, first characterized at Multan, Pakistan, with 34 strains in 10 clades and recombination-driven emergence.
Chills
Chills (rigors, shaking chills) are a cold sensation with involuntary shivering that raises core temperature, often at fever onset. A 2024 meta-analysis found shaking chills highly specific (0.87) but insensitive (0.37) for bacteremia in adults.
Chilodonella uncinata
Chilodonella uncinata (Ehrenberg, 1838) is a freshwater ciliate (Phyllopharyngea) and facultative fish parasite whose somatic macronucleus holds over 20 million gene-sized nanochromosomes, with scrambled genes, alternative processing, and multiple cryptic species.
Chimaera
Chimaeras (ghost sharks, ratfish) are deep-water cartilaginous fishes of subclass Holocephali, order Chimaeriformes, with one gill opening per side, crushing tooth plates, and a fossil record back about 400 million years; not sharks despite the ghost shark name.
Chimaera monstrosa
Chimaera monstrosa, the rabbitfish or rat fish, a deep-water chimaera of the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean upper continental slope (200–700 m), IUCN Vulnerable A2bd due to trawl bycatch.
CHIME syndrome
CHIME syndrome (Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome, OMIM 280000) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive PIGL-related congenital disorder of glycosylation marked by colobomas, heart defects, migratory ichthyosiform dermatosis, intellectual disability, and conductive hearing loss.
Chimera (genetics)
Chimera (genetics): chimerism, an organism with cells from two or more genetically distinct individuals, distinct from mosaicism. Types include tetragametic, twin, micro-, and transplant chimerism; first human case 1953.
Chimerarachne
Chimerarachne yingi, tailed spider-like arachnid from ~100 Ma Burmese amber, Myanmar; has spider spinnerets and sperm-transfer palps plus a uraraneid whip-like telson; placement debated.
Chimerism analysis
Chimerism analysis is a laboratory method that quantifies donor versus recipient hematopoietic cells in blood or marrow after stem cell transplantation, confirming engraftment and signaling relapse through STR-PCR testing.
Chimney technique (endovascular aneurysm repair)
The chimney technique (Ch-EVAR) is an endovascular aneurysm repair method in which a covered stent runs parallel to the main aortic stent-graft, preserving branch-vessel blood flow.
Chimpanzee
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), an endangered great ape of central African forests, closest living relative of humans alongside the bonobo; fission-fusion male-dominated communities, wild tool use, four subspecies, western chimp Critically Endangered.
Chimpanzee violence
Chimpanzee violence covers aggression in Pan troglodytes, from routine fights to lethal coalitionary intergroup killing, documented from the 1970s Gombe Chimpanzee War to the 2017 Ngogo fission, best explained by adaptive resource competition rather than human impacts.
Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor
Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor (Pan–Homo LCA): the ape population ancestral to both humans and chimpanzees/bonobos, splitting roughly 5–8 million years ago, with ~1.2% aligned sequence divergence and evidence of extended gene flow during speciation.
Chin
The chin (mental protuberance) is the bony midline prominence of the human mandible, unique to Homo sapiens and used to identify our fossils; hypotheses include mastication, sexual selection, speech, and spandrel explanations.
Chin augmentation
Chin augmentation is a surgical or injectable procedure that reshapes the chin to improve facial balance, done with an implant, an osseous genioplasty, or injectable filler.
Chin‐Lee Wu
Chin-Lee Wu is a genitourinary pathologist, Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School, and director of Genitourinary Pathology Services at Massachusetts General Hospital, known for developing the prostate cancer biomarker AMACR (P504S).
China rose
China rose: common name for the tropical hibiscus Hibiscus (×) rosa-sinensis (Chinese hibiscus, shoeblack plant), a Malvaceae cultigen unknown in the wild, and also for Rosa chinensis, the repeat-flowering Chinese rose ancestor of hybrid tea roses.
Chinchilla
Chinchilla is a genus of rodents in the family Chinchillidae, native to the Andes, with two endangered species kept widely as pets and used in hearing research.
Chinchillidae
Chinchillidae, the chinchilla and viscacha family, is a South American caviomorph rodent family (Bennett 1833) with two subfamilies, Chinchillinae and Lagostominae, an early Oligocene fossil record, and endangered living chinchillas.
Chinese alligator (扬子鳄)
Chinese alligator (扬子鳄, Alligator sinensis), Yangtze alligator: a small critically endangered crocodilian endemic to China's lower Yangtze, with under ~150 wild adults, over 10,000 captive, and three distinct genetic populations.
Chinese bamboo weaving
Chinese bamboo weaving (竹编, zhú biān) is a traditional Chinese craft that splits bamboo into fine strips and weaves them into baskets, mats, furniture, and decorative objects, added to China's intangible cultural heritage list in 2008.