72,234 articles
Commissurotomy
Commissurotomy, also known as mitral commissurotomy, is a surgical or catheter-based procedure that splits the fused leaflets of a stenotic heart valve, most often the rheumatic mitral valve, to restore blood flow.
Committee Membership
Committee membership: the composition of a committee and the status of being its member. Covers selection, terms of reference, quorum, fiduciary duties, size and diversity effects across parliaments, boards, and advisory bodies.
Committee on Fisheries
Committee on Fisheries, or COFI, is a subsidiary body of the FAO Council and the only global forum for international fisheries and aquaculture issues, established in 1965.
Common blackbird
Common blackbird (Turdus merula), also Eurasian blackbird, a thrush native to Europe, northwest Africa and the Middle East; male black with yellow bill, female brown; introduced to Australia and New Zealand; European population about 140 million, Least Concern.
Common blue
Common blue (Polyommatus icarus), a widespread European Lycaenid butterfly with violet-blue males and brown females, Least Concern but declining; legume-feeding larvae tended by ants; genome 511.7 Mb.
Common brushtail possum
The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is a large nocturnal Australian marsupial with a bushy tail, abundant in cities and a major pest in New Zealand.
Common buzzard
Common buzzard (Buteo buteo), Western Eurasia's most abundant large raptor: 51-57 cm, 113-128 cm wingspan, soaring and perch-hunting generalist eating rabbits, rodents and birds; UK 63,000 pairs, Least Concern.
Common chiffchaff
Common chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita), a small olive-brown European leaf warbler named for its chiff-chaff song; UK population about 1.8 million territories, up 222% since 1967, wintering in southern Europe, North Africa, and the Sahel.
Common cold
Common cold: mild viral upper respiratory infection caused by over 200 viruses, chiefly rhinoviruses; adults average 2-3 colds yearly; no cure, antibiotics ineffective, no vaccine.
Common crane
Common crane (Grus grus, Eurasian crane), a large Gruidae wetland bird of Europe and Asia; wingspan 220–245 cm; IUCN Least Concern; long-distance migrant wintering in India and Africa; recolonized Britain after 16th-century extinction.
Common cuckoo
Common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), Eurasian migratory brood-parasitic bird wintering in Africa. Least Concern globally (34.6-54.4 million mature birds) but declining 33% in the UK since 1995, linked to its western migration route through Spain.
Common cuttlefish
Common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis, choco, seiche commune): eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean demersal cephalopod, mantle up to 35 cm, 18-30 month lifespan, rapid camouflage, major European fishery species.
Common dace
Common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus, Eurasian dace) is a small Leuciscidae river fish across Europe and the Volga-Ural basins; IUCN Least Concern, invasive in Ireland, spawning on gravel beds February to May.
Common death adder
Common death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus, Shaw & Nodder 1802), a venomous Australian elapid snake, ambush predator with caudal luring; IUCN Least Concern but declining due to cane toads; up to 24 live young.
Common descent
Common descent is the principle that all living organisms descend from a single ancestral species, last universal common ancestor (LUCA), living about 4.2 billion years ago.
Common eland
The common eland (Tragelaphus oryx, formerly Taurotragus oryx) is a large spiral-horned antelope of eastern and southern Africa, the second-largest antelope, listed as Least Concern.
Common Fisheries Policy
Common Fisheries Policy (CFP): the EU's framework for managing fishing fleets and conserving fish stocks, based on Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013, TACs and quotas, the MSY target, the landing obligation, and regionalised multiannual plans, reformed in 1992, 2002 and 2013.
Common frog
Common frog (Rana temporaria, European common frog, grass frog): a Ranidae true frog native to Europe and northwestern Asia, breeding in ponds, reaching the Arctic circle in Scandinavia; males about 9 cm, females up to 13 cm.
Common garden experiment
A common garden experiment grows organisms from different populations under identical conditions, so persistent trait differences reveal inherited, genetic differences, central to local adaptation research.
Common garter snake
Common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis), widespread North American natricine snake with up to 13 subspecies; live-bearing, eats amphibians, and evolved tetrodotoxin resistance via NaV1.4 mutations to prey on toxic newts.
Common goldfish
Developed in China, the Common goldfish (Carassius auratus) is a domesticated Cyprinidae carp. It is plain-bodied, tolerates poor water, and can live up to 43 years.
Common grackle
Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), a large long-tailed icterid blackbird of eastern North America; abundant at ~67 million but down ~54% since 1966, a major corn-crop pest with a federal depredation order.
Common green bottle fly
Common green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata, formerly Phaenicia sericata), a metallic green Holarctic blow fly whose larvae clean chronic wounds in maggot debridement therapy and estimate post-mortem intervals in forensics.
Common hill myna
Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa), also called hill myna or talking myna, a glossy black Asian forest starling with yellow wattles, famed for mimicking human speech and heavily traded as a cage bird; distinct from the brown, urban common myna (Acridotheres tristis).
Common house gecko
Common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus, Asian house gecko, chichak), a small nocturnal Southeast Asian gecko now pantropical via human transport, including WWII-era Pacific spread; invasive, displacing native geckos such as extinct Mascarene Nactus species.
Common kestrel
Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus, Eurasian kestrel, windhover): small hovering falcon of Europe, Asia, and Africa; IUCN Least Concern with 4.3–6.7 million mature individuals, but declining 39% in the UK since 1995; vole specialist.
Common kingfisher
Common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), also Eurasian kingfisher, a small blue-and-orange diving bird of freshwaters from western Europe to Papua New Guinea; Least Concern, UK green-listed, Schedule 1 protected, nests in excavated bank tunnels.
Common krait
Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus, Indian krait), a nocturnal South Asian elapid and one of India's "big four" venomous snakes; its pre- and post-synaptic neurotoxins cause paralysis that antivenom cannot reverse once established.
Common loon
Common loon (Gavia immer), also great northern diver, a large fish-eating diving bird breeding on northern North American lakes and wintering on coasts; least concern, but lead fishing tackle is its leading documented cause of death.
Common lymphoid progenitor
Common lymphoid progenitor (CLP, CL:0000051), an oligopotent bone marrow progenitor committed to the lymphoid lineage, giving rise to B, T, NK cells and dendritic cells; first isolated 1997 as Lin−IL-7Rα+ cells.