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Colutea
Colutea (bladder senna) is a genus of about 28 deciduous legume shrubs from the Mediterranean to China and NE Africa, with inflated bladder-like pods, yellow or reddish pea flowers, and ornamental, forage, and erosion-control uses.
Colworth Medal
The Colworth Medal is an annual Biochemical Society award recognizing exceptional research by an early career biochemist working in the UK or Ireland, established in 1963.
Coma
Coma: a state of prolonged unconsciousness with no awareness or response, caused by brain injury, stroke, toxins, diabetes, or oxygen lack; assessed with the Glasgow Coma Scale (3-15).
Comamonadaceae
Comamonadaceae (Willems et al. 1991) is a family of gram-negative aerobic Betaproteobacteria in the Burkholderiales, the acidovorans rRNA complex, with over 100 species in dozens of genera including Comamonas, Delftia, and Acidovorax; mostly soil and water bacteria, some plant pathogens and emerging opportunistic human pathogens.
Comamonas
Comamonas: genus of gram-negative, polar-flagellated Betaproteobacteria (Comamonadaceae) accumulating PHB; type species C. terrigena; environmental biodegrader, heavy-metal bioremediation agent, and occasional opportunistic pathogen (C. testosteroni, C. kerstersii).
Comamonas testosteroni
Comamonas testosteroni, formerly Pseudomonas testosteroni, is a gram-negative aerobic rod-shaped bacterium in the family Comamonadaceae, known for degrading testosterone and aromatic pollutants and as a rare, low-virulence human pathogen.
Comatulida
Comatulida is the order of unstalked crinoids called feather stars, comprising over 80% of living crinoid species; members shed the postlarval stalk, crawl on their arms, and include the family Comatulidae, revised in 2014.
ComB-like
ComB-like (InterPro IPR005238) is a protein family named after ComB, the Mg2+-dependent 2-phosphosulfolactate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.71) of coenzyme M biosynthesis, with a novel fold and broad bacterial and archaeal distribution.
Combat medic
Combat medic: enlisted frontline medical specialist, US Army 68W Combat Medic Specialist, established WWII, trained at Fort Sam Houston, TCCC-based care, wounded survival rose from 69.3% (WWII) to 90.7% (Iraq/Afghanistan).
Combat stress reaction
Combat stress reaction (CSR), also called battle fatigue or combat and operational stress reaction (COSR), is an acute, non-diagnosable stress response to combat that impairs duty performance; treated with proximity, immediacy, and expectancy frontline principles.
Combat support hospital
Combat support hospital (CSH), US Army Role 3 deployable hospital, successor to the MASH from the Vietnam War; 248 beds in two companies. Converted from 2016 into 32-bed field hospitals under hospital centers.
Combination Drug Therapy
Combination drug therapy (drug polytherapy, combination chemotherapy): use of two or more drugs together for a combined effect, via synergy or independent action; evidence varies by disease, strongest in HIV and depression.
Combine harvester
Combine harvester: farm machine that cuts, threshes, separates, and cleans grain in one pass. Key milestones: Moore and Hascall 1834, McKay Sunshine 1884, Massey-Harris No 20 self-propelled 1938, axial-flow rotors 1975, modern AI automation.
Combined antiretroviral therapy
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), also called ART or formerly HAART, is the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs together to suppress HIV, cutting death rates by 50 to 80%.
Combined deficiency of factor V and factor VIII
Combined deficiency of factor V and factor VIII (F5F8D) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by LMAN1 or MCFD2 mutations impairing ER-to-Golgi transport of both factors, with mild bleeding and levels typically 5–30%.
Combined drug intoxication
Combined drug intoxication, also called polysubstance intoxication or mixed-drug overdose, is a toxic state caused by two or more drugs taken together, and it drives most fatal US overdoses.
Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium
Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHR-RPE) is a rare benign childhood retinal tumor of glial, vascular, and pigment epithelial tissue, often peripapillary, sometimes linked to neurofibromatosis, and mimicking melanoma or retinoblastoma.
Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma
Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA, mixed HCC-CCA) is a rare primary liver cancer, 1–5% of cases, showing both hepatocytic and cholangiocytic differentiation in one tumor; diagnosed on H&E histology, worse survival than HCC.
Combined hyperactive dysfunction syndrome of the cranial nerves
Combined hyperactive dysfunction syndrome of the cranial nerves (ORPHA:221078, ICD-10 G52.7, ICD-11 8A85) is a rare acquired neuropathy combining trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia from neurovascular compression, in about 3% of HDS patients.
Combined immunodeficiency due to CD27 deficiency
Combined immunodeficiency due to CD27 deficiency (CD27 deficiency, lymphoproliferative syndrome 2, OMIM 615122) is a rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency causing persistent EBV viremia, hypogammaglobulinemia, HLH, and lymphoma, treated by HSCT.
Combined immunodeficiency due to ITK deficiency
Combined immunodeficiency due to ITK deficiency, also called ITK deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency caused by biallelic ITK gene variants, marked by EBV-associated lymphoproliferation, Hodgkin lymphoma, low CD4 and iNKT cells, and hypogammaglobulinemia.
Combined immunodeficiency due to Moesin deficiency
Combined immunodeficiency due to Moesin deficiency (X-MAID, IMD50, OMIM 300988) is a rare X-linked recessive primary immunodeficiency from MSN gene variants, causing childhood recurrent bacterial and varicella infections, T-B-NK lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and neutropenia.
Combined immunodeficiency-megaloblastic anemia due to methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 deficiency
MTHFD1 deficiency (OMIM 617780) is a rare autosomal recessive folate-metabolism disorder on chromosome 14q23 causing combined immunodeficiency, megaloblastic anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hemolytic uremic syndrome, responsive to folic or folinic acid.
Combined liver-kidney transplantation
Combined liver-kidney transplantation, usually called simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLK), transplants a liver and a kidney into one recipient in a single operation, first performed in Austria in 1983.
Combined malonic and methylmalonic acidemia
Combined malonic and methylmalonic acidemia (CMAMMA, combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria) is a rare ACSF3-related inborn error of metabolism with elevated malonic and methylmalonic acid (MMA>MA), normal C3 acylcarnitine, and variable neurologic symptoms.
Combined Military Hospital
Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan's largest CMH: a Class A Pakistan Army Medical Corps tertiary hospital of about 1,000 to 1,150 beds, founded 1858, teaching hospital of Army Medical College and NUMS.
Combined Modality Therapy
Combined modality therapy, also known as multimodality treatment or combination therapy, is the treatment of cancer by several therapeutic means, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
Combined oral contraceptive pill
Combined oral contraceptive pill (COC, "the Pill"): daily estrogen-plus-progestin tablet preventing pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation; ~7 in 100 typical-use first-year pregnancies, VTE relative risk 3.5, first approved as Enovid in 1960.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 11
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 11 (COXPD11, RMND1 disease) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial translation disorder causing neonatal hypotonia, lactic acidosis, deafness, developmental delay, and frequent kidney disease, OMIM 614922.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 13
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 13 (COXPD13, OMIM 614932) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease caused by PNPT1 mutations, causing infant-onset encephalomyopathy, dystonia, and combined respiratory chain deficiency.