Life and health

Compulsive buying disorder

Compulsive buying disorder, also called compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) or oniomania, is a behavioral condition of irresistible buying urges, loss of control, and harmful consequences; not in DSM-5, listed in ICD-11 under 6C7Y, prevalence about 5%.

Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder

Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder (CSBD), ICD-11 code 6C72, is an impulse control disorder marked by persistent failure to control repetitive sexual impulses causing distress or impairment; excluded from DSM-5, prevalence 1–3%.

Computational biology

Computational biology, also called bioinformatics, applies computers, statistics, and mathematical modeling to biological and medical data, spanning sequence analysis since the 1960s, systems biology, genomics, and modern AI tools such as AlphaFold and Evo 2.

Computational methods in neuroengineering

Computational methods in neuroengineering are the mathematical models, signal-processing algorithms, and machine-learning techniques used to analyze neural signals, decode intentions, and control devices interfacing electronics with living neural tissue.

Computational neuroscience

Computational neuroscience, also called theoretical or mathematical neuroscience, applies mathematical models, theoretical analysis, and computer simulation to nervous systems, from ion channels to whole-brain networks.

Computed radiography

Computed radiography (CR) is a digital X-ray method that captures images on reusable phosphor plates in cassettes, then reads them with a laser; it is cheaper and more portable than digital radiography.

Computed tomography angiography

Computed tomography angiography (CTA, CT angiogram): imaging of blood vessels using iodinated contrast injection and CT scanning; introduced with helical CT in 1991; coronary CTA sensitivity 0.94, specificity 0.73; doses now submillisievert.

Computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging

Computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (CTP, also called CT-MPI) is a cardiac CT technique that measures myocardial blood flow during vasodilator stress to show whether coronary stenoses limit perfusion.

Computed tomography screening

Computed tomography screening uses low-dose CT scans to detect lung cancer early in people at high risk, chiefly heavy smokers, and is the only screening test proven to reduce lung-cancer deaths.

Computed tomography–magnetic resonance imaging fusion

Computed tomography–magnetic resonance imaging (CT–MRI) fusion aligns CT and MRI scans of the same patient into a single image, combining bone detail with soft-tissue contrast.

Oct 20, 2026

Computer Assisted Radiographic Image Interpretation

Computer-assisted radiographic image interpretation (CAD/CADe/CADx) uses algorithms as a radiologist's second reader. Began 1960s, systematized 1980s at University of Chicago; first FDA approval 1998 (R2 ImageChecker); deep-learning AI now dominant.

Computer vision syndrome

Computer vision syndrome, or digital eye strain, is a group of eye, vision, and musculoskeletal symptoms from prolonged screen use, affecting about 69% of users, driven by reduced blinking and accommodative fatigue, and managed mainly with ergonomics and breaks.

Computer-aided detection

Computer-aided detection (CADe) is pattern-recognition software that marks suspicious lesions on radiological images for a radiologist to review, serving as a second opinion rather than an autonomous diagnosis.

Computer-aided diagnosis

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is software that analyzes medical images or patient data to detect and characterize disease, with the final decision made by the radiologist or physician.

Computer-aided polyp detection

Computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) is medical imaging software that flags likely polyps in real time during colonoscopy, drawing on-screen cues to lesions endoscopists would otherwise miss.

Computer-Assisted Diagnosis

Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD, CADe/CADx) is computer support for clinician diagnosis, from 1970s expert systems like MYCIN and INTERNIST-I to FDA-authorized AI imaging devices, with the physician making the final decision.

Computer-Assisted Drug Therapy

Computer-assisted drug therapy (MeSH D004360) is the use of adjunctive computer programs to support drug treatment, including pharmacokinetic dosing advice and CPOE-integrated clinical decision support, shown to improve dosing for some narrow-therapeutic-window drugs.

Computer-Assisted Image Interpretation

Computer-Assisted Image Interpretation (MeSH D007090): methods and CAD systems aiding interpretation of radiographic, ultrasound, and other medical images, split into CADe detection and CADx diagnosis, with the radiologist making the final decision.

Computer-assisted implant surgery

Computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) is a dental surgical method using digital imaging and planning, via guides or navigation, to place implants accurately near nerves and sinuses.

Computer-Assisted Radiotherapy

Computer-assisted radiotherapy (MeSH D011881) is the use of computer systems for accurate radiation dose computation and treatment planning, spanning early systems like KULA and the RAD 8, CT-based 3D planning, IMRT, and AI-driven automated planning.

Oct 20, 2026

Computer-Assisted Radiotherapy Planning

Computer-assisted radiotherapy planning (MeSH D011880) is software-based calculation of beam angles, intensities, and irradiation duration in radiotherapy via treatment planning systems, verified by end-to-end audits, independent MU checks, and increasingly AI automation.

Computer-Assisted Therapy

Computer-assisted therapy (MeSH D013813, Therapy, Computer-Assisted) is the use of computer systems as adjuncts in disease treatment, spanning clinician-facing clinical decision support for drug therapy and radiotherapy planning and direct-to-patient programs such as computer-assisted cognitive behavior therapy and cognitive retraining.

Computer-assisted vacuum thrombectomy

Computer-assisted vacuum thrombectomy is an endovascular technique that removes blood clots through a large-bore catheter connected to a computer-controlled vacuum, used in pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and stroke.

Comstockaspis perniciosa

Comstockaspis perniciosa, the San José scale (formerly Quadraspidiotus perniciosus), is an East Asian armored scale insect and major worldwide pest of apple, pear, peach, and plum, killing young trees within 2-3 years.

COMTHECARE trial

The COMTHECARE trial, standing for Complementary Therapy in Home Palliative Care Patients and Their Caregivers, is a randomized, double-blind Spanish trial testing music for palliative care.

Conan (Javier Milei's dog)

Conan was Javier Milei's English mastiff (2004–2017), cloned in 2018 by PerPETuate/ViaGen for about $50,000, producing five surviving puppies named after economists; Milei calls the dogs his four-legged children.

CONAN trial

The CONAN trial was a phase 4 randomized trial at the Clínica Universidad de Navarra in Pamplona, Spain, testing antibiotic lock solutions in implanted venous port catheters.

Conbercept

Conbercept (康柏西普, KH902, Lumitin) is a Chinese anti-VEGF fusion protein eye injection by Chengdu Kanghong, NMPA-approved for wet AMD, diabetic macular edema, and pathologic myopia CNV.

Concealed ovulation

Concealed ovulation: the near absence of outward or conscious signs of ovulation, discussed mainly in humans versus swelling-displaying chimpanzees; hypotheses include male investment, paternity confusion, self-deception, bipedalism, and female rivalry.