Life and health

Conch

Conch: large marine snails of the family Strombidae, the true conchs, especially the queen conch (Aliger gigas, formerly Strombus gigas), a Caribbean gastropod up to 12 inches long, ESA-threatened since 2024, CITES Appendix II, and a major Caribbean fishery.

Concholepas concholepas

Concholepas concholepas, the loco or Chilean false abalone, is a muricid sea snail from Peru to Cape Horn, a keystone intertidal predator whose artisanal fishery collapsed in 1989 and led to Chile's TURF system.

Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland: British registered charity (no. 208205) founded in Leeds in 1876 promoting mollusc study; publishes the Journal of Conchology and Mollusc World and runs marine and non-marine recording schemes.

Conchology

Conchology is the study of molluscan shells and hard parts like the operculum, distinct from malacology, the study of whole molluscs, and practiced by collectors since the Renaissance.

Concizumab

Concizumab (Alhemo, concizumab-mtci), Novo Nordisk's humanized anti-TFPI monoclonal antibody, is a once-daily subcutaneous rebalancing prophylaxis for hemophilia A and B with or without inhibitors, FDA-approved 2024.

Concord grape

Concord grape: American Vitis labrusca-dominant juice grape cultivar developed in 1849 in Massachusetts; known for foxy methyl anthranilate aroma, cold hardiness to about −23 to −29 °C, and 80% of New York grape production.

Concussion

Concussion, a mild traumatic brain injury from head trauma causing temporary altered mental status; also commotion cerebri. Key facts: 300,000 US sports cases yearly, 24-48h rest then early return to school, 6-step return-to-play, Amsterdam 2022 SCAT6 tools.

Concussions in American football

Concussions in American football: sport-related traumatic brain injuries in a collision sport. NFL protocol since 2011, highest football impact accelerations (83.2 g), youth incidence 1.41 per 1,000 exposures, CTE link, $1 billion settlement, Guardian Caps and kickoff rule changes.

Condensin II complex subunit H2, middle domain

CNDH2_M (PF16869) is the conserved middle domain of human NCAPH2 (CAP-H2), the beta-kleisin of condensin II, spanning residues 147-252 between the SMC-binding N- and C-terminal globular domains.

Condensin II complex subunit H2, N-terminal

CNDH2_N (pfam06278) is the conserved N-terminal domain, residues 11-123 in humans, of NCAPH2 (CAP-H2, kleisin beta), the kleisin subunit of the condensin II chromosome condensation complex, distinct from condensin I's NCAPH.

CONDITION trial

CONDITION trial (NCT05253820): single-center randomized trial comparing distal vs conventional transradial access for coronary procedures; distal access cut 3-month radial artery occlusion from 3.3% to 0.8% but lowered puncture success.

Conditional gene knockout

A conditional gene knockout is a genetic engineering method that inactivates a gene only in chosen tissues or at a chosen time, mainly in mice using Cre-loxP.

Conditioned Culture Media

Conditioned culture media (conditioned medium, CCM) is cell culture medium enriched with the secretome of cultivated cells, used for co-culture signaling studies, extracellular vesicle isolation, and cell-free regenerative therapies, with known purity and standardization limits.

Conditioned place preference

Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a behavioral paradigm measuring the rewarding or aversive effects of drugs by testing whether animals spend more time in drug-paired environments, widely used in addiction research.

Conditioning chemotherapy

Conditioning chemotherapy is the high-dose drug treatment given before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to destroy the recipient's bone marrow, eradicate disease, and suppress immune rejection of donor cells.

Condoliase

Condoliase (SI-6603, HERNICORE), chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase from Proteus vulgaris, is an enzyme injected into the disc for chemonucleolysis of lumbar disc herniation; approved in Japan in 2018, single 1.25 U dose, 78% effective rate, 9% proceed to surgery.

Condom

A condom, also called a French letter, is a sheath-shaped barrier worn over the penis or inside the vagina or rectum before sex to prevent pregnancy.

Condoman

Condoman: Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander comic superhero created 1987 in Townsville by Aunty Gracelyn Smallwood and health workers, Phantom-based, slogan 'Don't be shame, be game', for HIV and condom education; relaunched 2009.

Condor

Condor: either of two endangered New World vultures, the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) and the larger Andean condor (Vultur gryphus); carrion-eating soaring birds, the California species saved from 22 wild birds in 1982 to over 600 by 2025.

Conduction disease in infiltrative, inflammatory and post-surgical heart disease

Conduction disease in infiltrative, inflammatory, and post-surgical heart disease refers to AV block caused by cardiac sarcoidosis, cardiac amyloidosis, myocarditis including Lyme carditis, and aortic valve replacement or TAVI.

Conduction disorders

Conduction disorders: abnormal slowing, detour, or block of electrical impulses in the heart's conduction system, including bundle branch block, AV (heart) block, and long QT syndrome, diagnosed mainly by ECG and managed with monitoring or pacemakers.

Conductive hearing loss

Conductive hearing loss (CHL): hearing loss from blocked or faulty sound transmission in the outer or middle ear, with normal bone conduction; causes include earwax, otitis media, perforation, otosclerosis; often treatable.

Condylectomy

Condylectomy is an oral and maxillofacial surgical procedure that removes part or all of the mandibular condylar head, most often to arrest active condylar hyperplasia and stop progressive facial asymmetry.

Condylostylus

Condylostylus Bigot, 1859 is a genus of about 350 species of metallic green predatory long-legged flies (Dolichopodidae, Sciapodinae), mostly Neotropical, recognized by wings held at an angle and C-shaped wing bands, with elaborate male leg-display courtship.

Cone (botany)

Cone (botany), or strobilus: the reproductive shoot of gymnosperms such as pines, cycads, and ginkgo, with separate pollen and seed cones; a pine cone is not a fruit because gymnosperm ovules sit naked on cone scales, not in an ovary.

Cone cell

Cone cell (cone photoreceptor): retinal photoreceptor for daylight and color vision, with S, M, and L opsins peaking at 420, 534, and 564 nm; less sensitive than rods, never saturates, adapts in minutes.

Oct 20, 2026

Cone dystrophy with supernormal rod response

Cone dystrophy with supernormal rod response (CDSRR, KCNV2 retinopathy, OMIM 610356) is a rare autosomal recessive retinopathy from KCNV2 mutations, causing childhood photophobia, color vision loss, and a pathognomonic ERG with supernormal rod b-waves.

Oct 20, 2026

Cone rod dystrophy

Cone rod dystrophy (CORD, CRD) is a group of inherited retinal diseases in which cone photoreceptors degenerate first, then rods, causing childhood-onset vision loss, photophobia, and legal blindness by mid-adulthood; over 30 genes, chiefly ABCA4, GUCY2D, CRX, and RPGR, are implicated.

Cone snail

Cone snail, genus Conus (Conidae), venomous predatory marine gastropod hunting fish, mollusks, and worms with harpoon-like radular teeth; venom conotoxins yielded the FDA-approved pain drug ziconotide (Prialt) from Conus magus; 750+ species; C. geographus most dangerous to humans.