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Congenital varus deformities of feet
Congenital varus deformities of feet: inward-turning foot deformities present at birth, including clubfoot (talipes equinovarus, ICD-10 Q66.0), talipes calcaneovarus, metatarsus varus, and other varus deformities coded Q66.3, treated mainly by the Ponseti method.
Congenital velopharyngeal incompetence
Congenital velopharyngeal incompetence (ORPHA:2291, OMIM 167500) is a rare autosomal dominant malformation: a short, immobile soft palate preventing velopharyngeal closure, causing hypernasal, delayed speech from the neonatal period.
Congenital vertical talus
Congenital vertical talus (CVT), or congenital convex pes valgus, is a rare rigid rocker-bottom flatfoot from fixed dorsal navicular dislocation on the talus, treated by reverse Ponseti casting and limited surgery.
Congenital viral hepatitis
Congenital viral hepatitis (ICD-10 P35.3; ICD-11 KA62.9) is neonatal liver inflammation from hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E virus acquired in utero or at birth, causing jaundice, lethargy, and failure to thrive, preventable by birth-dose vaccine and HBIG.
Congenitally uncorrected transposition of the great arteries
Congenitally uncorrected transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA, dextro-looped TGA, ORPHA:860) is a rare congenital heart malformation with atrioventricular concordance and ventriculoarterial discordance, causing neonatal cyanosis and requiring surgical repair.
Conger conger
Conger conger, the European conger (conger eel), is the largest eel in Europe, a benthic Anguilliformes predator from Norway to Senegal and the Mediterranean, reaching 300 cm and 110 kg, semelparous, IUCN Least Concern.
Congestive hepatopathy
Congestive hepatopathy, also called cardiac hepatopathy, is liver injury from impaired hepatic venous outflow due to right-sided heart failure, Fontan physiology, or hepatic vein obstruction, progressing to fibrosis, cardiac cirrhosis, and HCC.
Congo red staining
Congo red staining is a histological dye method for detecting amyloid: Congo red binds amyloid fibrils in tissue sections, showing red staining and characteristic birefringence under crossed polarizers.
Conidae
Conidae, the cone snails, is a family of venomous predatory marine gastropods in Conoidea with over 800 species, four genera (Conus, Conasprella, Californiconus, Profundiconus), and harpoon-like radular teeth delivering neurotoxic venom.
Conidiobolomycosis
Conidiobolomycosis, or rhinoentomophthoromycosis, is a rare chronic subcutaneous fungal infection of the nose and face caused by Conidiobolus coronatus, C. incongruus, or C. lamprauges, mainly in immunocompetent men in tropical regions.
Conidium
Conidium (plural conidia): the asexual, nonmotile, externally formed spore of molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, produced on conidiogenous cells and conidiophores by blastic or thallic conidiogenesis, central to fungal identification, pathology, and biocontrol.
Conifer
Conifer: cone-bearing gymnosperm trees and shrubs with naked seeds on cone scales, mostly evergreen needle or scale leaves, wind pollinated; about 650 species, fossil record over 300 million years, dominant in boreal forests.
Conifer cultivars of the Pinaceae
Conifer cultivars of the Pinaceae are garden variants of pines, spruces, firs, and larches, propagated asexually so their traits hold, arising from seedling selections and witch's brooms.
Conifer needle powder
Conifer needle powder, ground pine and spruce needles, is an EU-listed pesticide active substance (EU ID 568, not approved, no CAS) once authorised in Latvia for raspberries, onions, carrots, cabbages, radishes, swedes, and gladiolus, with a 0.01 mg/kg default MRL.
Conifer resin terpene synthases
Conifer resin terpene synthases are gymnosperm-specific enzymes that build the monoterpene, sesquiterpene, and diterpene hydrocarbons of oleoresin, the resin that defends conifers against bark beetles.
Coniferous forest
Coniferous forest: forest of cone-bearing, needle-leaved, mostly evergreen trees; includes the boreal taiga at 50–60°N (about 30% of global forest) and temperate mountain conifer forests worldwide.
Coniferous forest ecoregions by continent
A continent-by-continent survey of the WWF's named coniferous forest ecoregions, covering boreal taiga, Pacific temperate rainforest, Mexican pine-oak woods, Valdivian forest, and threatened New Caledonian conifers.
Coniopterygidae
Coniopterygidae, the dustywings or dusty lacewings, is a family of minute predatory Neuroptera with waxy white coating and reduced wing venation; 571 species in 23 genera, sister to all other lacewings, oldest fossil late Jurassic Kazakhstan.
Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum, poison hemlock, deadly hemlock or poison parsley, is a toxic biennial Apiaceae herb with purple-spotted hollow stems, containing coniine and gamma-coniceine; it killed Socrates and poisons livestock and humans.
Coniunctio
Coniunctio is an extinct Triassic elasmobranch (cartilaginous fish) genus established by Johns in 1997, known from ichthyoliths in British Columbia, with species C. aequirugosa (type) and C. multirugosa, defining a Ladinian biozone.
Conivaptan
Conivaptan (Vaprisol, YM087) is an intravenous nonpeptide dual V1A/V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist approved by the FDA in 2005 for euvolemic hyponatremia in hospitalized patients; aquaretic, CYP3A4 substrate and inhibitor, common infusion site reactions.
Conization
Conization, or cone biopsy, is a gynecological surgical procedure that removes a cone-shaped sample of cervical tissue for histological examination, used mainly to diagnose and treat cervical precancer.
Conjoined twins
Conjoined twins are identical twins whose bodies remain joined after incomplete embryonic separation, occurring in about 1 in 50,000 to 60,000 births; first successfully separated in 1689 by Johannes Fatio in Basel.
Conjugal transfer protein-like, C-terminal domain
Conjugal transfer protein-like, C-terminal domain: an NTF2-like fold domain in bacterial conjugation proteins such as VirB8, TcpC (C. perfringens pCW3), and TraM; basis of the ALPHA/BETA/GAMMA VirB8-like classification.
Conjugal transfer repressor TrbA
TrbA is the 13.5 kDa global repressor of IncP-1 plasmid RK2/RP4, encoded at the trb operon start, that represses conjugative transfer promoters and cooperates with KorB as a clamp-locking co-repressor.
Conjugative transposon TraM, C-terminal
C-terminal domain of TraM, the 127-aa F-plasmid conjugation protein (also in Bacteroides conjugative transposons): tetramerization helical bundle that binds coupling protein TraD, enabling oriT DNA transfer.
Conjunctiva
Conjunctiva (tunica conjunctiva): transparent mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the sclera except the cornea; secretes tear mucus, guards against infection; affected by conjunctivitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Conjunctival epithelial cell
Conjunctival epithelial cell, also called conjunctival keratinocyte or goblet cell, forms the 3-5 layer non-keratinized epithelium of the eye; goblet cells secrete MUC5AC mucin, and both types arise from bipotent forniceal stem cells.
Conjunctival malignant melanoma
Conjunctival malignant melanoma (conjunctival melanoma, Co-M) is a rare ocular surface cancer of conjunctival melanocytes, ~0.46 cases per million yearly, arising mostly from PAM/C-MIL, treated by no-touch excision with cryotherapy, recurring or metastasizing in a quarter to a third of patients.
Conjunctival scars
Conjunctival scars are permanent fibrous changes in the conjunctiva, the membrane covering the eye; with chronic inflammation the condition is cicatrizing conjunctivitis, with incidence about 1.3-1.5 per million.