72,234 articles
De-etiolated protein 1, Det1
DET1 (de-etiolated 1) is a conserved nuclear protein and COP/DET/FUS repressor of plant photomorphogenesis; Arabidopsis det1 mutants grow as light-grown seedlings in darkness, and DET1 forms CDD/CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complexes with DDB1 and COP10 that degrade HY5.
De-extinction
De-extinction, or proxy species creation, attempts to create organisms resembling extinct species via genome editing, cloning, or back-breeding; IUCN 2016 principles govern it, and Colossal's edited dire wolves (2024-2025) are the first announced case.
Dead on arrival
Dead on arrival (DOA), also cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival (CPAOA), is a person found dead or with ceased heart or lung function at EMS or hospital arrival; diagnosis, prehospital death determination, and classification effects on survival statistics.
Dead space (physiology)
Dead space (physiology): wasted ventilation, the lung volume not participating in CO2 exchange; anatomic plus alveolar dead space, measured by Bohr or Enghoff equations, elevated in ARDS and pulmonary embolism.
Dead zone (ecology)
Dead zone (hypoxia): coastal water with dissolved oxygen below 2 mg/L where marine life dies or flees, caused mainly by nitrogen and phosphorus runoff; largest U.S. example is the Gulf of Mexico summer zone, measured at 8,776 sq mi in 2017.
DEAD-box and DExH helicases in pre-mRNA splicing
DEAD-box and DExH (DEAH-box) helicases are ATP-driven RNA helicases that the spliceosome uses to rearrange its protein and RNA architecture at nearly every step of pre-mRNA splicing.
DEAD-box helicase family
The DEAD-box helicase family is the largest family of superfamily 2 RNA helicases, named for its DEAD amino acid motif, with 37 members in humans that remodel RNA across metabolism.
DEAD-box helicases in translation initiation
DEAD-box helicases in translation initiation are ATP-dependent RNA helicases, principally eIF4A, Ded1/DDX3, and DHX29, that unwind secondary structure in mRNA 5′ UTRs so the 43S preinitiation complex can scan to the start codon.
Deadenylation
Deadenylation is the enzymatic shortening of the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic messenger RNAs, the first and rate-limiting step in mRNA decay, carried out mainly by the PAN2-PAN3 and CCR4-NOT complexes.
Deaf blind hypopigmentation syndrome, Yemenite type
Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome (Warburg-Thomsen syndrome, ORPHA:3214) is an exceedingly rare autosomal disorder with patchy skin hypo- and hyperpigmentation, microcornea, coloboma, and severe hearing loss, first described in 1990; a mild SOX10 S135T form is distinguished from the severe SOX10-negative sibling case.
Deafblindness
Deafblindness, also called dual sensory loss or dual sensory impairment, is the combination of hearing and vision loss in one person; its most common genetic cause is Usher syndrome.
Deafness with labyrinthine aplasia, microtia, and microdontia
LAMM syndrome, also called congenital deafness with inner ear agenesis, microtia, and microdontia (OMIM 610706), is a rare autosomal recessive FGF3-related disorder combining profound congenital deafness, absent inner ear structures, small ears, and small widely spaced teeth.
Deafness-enamel hypoplasia-nail defects syndrome
Deafness-enamel hypoplasia-nail defects syndrome, or Heimler syndrome (OMIM 234580, 616617), is a rare autosomal recessive peroxisome biogenesis disorder (PEX1, PEX6, PEX26) causing sensorineural hearing loss, permanent-dentition enamel hypoplasia, nail defects, and retinal dystrophy in most reported cases.
Deafness-infertility syndrome
Deafness-infertility syndrome, also called chromosome 15q15.3 deletion syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive condition combining mild to moderate hearing loss with male infertility from poorly moving sperm, caused by deletions of the STRC and CATSPER2 genes.
Deafness-intellectual disability syndrome, Martin-Probst type
Martin-Probst syndrome (ORPHA:85321, OMIM 300519) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder with congenital sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual disability, short stature, and facial dysmorphism; the proposed RAB40AL p.D59G cause has been reclassified as non-pathogenic.
DEAH-box helicase family
DEAH-box helicase family (DHX proteins), SF2 RNA helicases defined by the Asp-Glu-Ala-His motif; processive 3'-to-5' translocases driving splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and RNA export, distinct from DEAD-box helicases.
DEAH-box RNA helicases
DEAH-box RNA helicases are ATP-dependent enzymes that translocate along single-stranded RNA in the 3'→5' direction, remodeling RNA-protein complexes; the spliceosomal members Prp2, Prp16, Prp22, and Prp43 drive late stages of pre-mRNA splicing.
DEAL-COVID19 trial
DEAL-COVID19 (NCT05808231) was an Indonesian multicenter randomized trial testing quinine sulfate as add-on therapy for hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19; its published cohort of 25 patients showed no significant efficacy differences versus standard care.
Deamination
Deamination removes an amino group from a molecule. In amino acid catabolism it releases ammonia and an alpha-keto acid via transamination and glutamate dehydrogenase; in DNA it converts cytosine to uracil, causing mutations.
Dean Burk
Dean Burk (1904–1988) was an American biochemist who co-authored the 1934 Lineweaver–Burk plot, one of biochemistry's most cited papers, and was Chief Chemist at the National Cancer Institute from 1958 to 1974.
Dean D. Metcalfe
Dean D. Metcalfe, also known as Dean Metcalfe, is an American immunologist who led NIAID's Laboratory of Allergic Diseases from 1995 to 2017 and studies human mast cells and mastocytosis.
Dean DellaPenna
Dean DellaPenna is an American plant biochemist at Michigan State University who works on plant nutritional genomics and is best known for his vitamin E research.
Dean E. Pearson
Dean E. Pearson is an American research ecologist at the USDA Forest Service in Missoula, Montana, who studies biological invasions and won a 2009 PECASE award.
Dean F. Bajorin
Dean F. Bajorin is an American medical oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering and Weill Cornell who developed bladder cancer chemotherapy regimens and led the CheckMate 274 immunotherapy trial.
Dean Fergusson
Dean A. Fergusson is a Canadian clinical epidemiologist and transfusion-medicine researcher at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute who led the BART trial, which found aprotinin increased mortality in cardiac surgery.
Dean G. Tang
Dean G. Tang is a cancer researcher who studies cancer cell heterogeneity and prostate cancer stem cells, chairing Pharmacology & Therapeutics at Roswell Park in Buffalo, New York.
Dean H. Hamer
Dean H. Hamer, born 1951, is an American molecular geneticist who spent nearly 30 years at NIH, known for metallothionein research and a 1993 Xq28 sexual-orientation linkage study.
Dean H. Lockwood
Dean H. Lockwood (1937–2004) was an American physician-scientist in endocrinology who led the Endocrine and Metabolism Unit at the University of Rochester and warned of liquid protein diet dangers.
Dean Ho (nanomedicine researcher)
Dean Ho is a nanomedicine and digital medicine researcher who heads Biomedical Engineering at the National University of Singapore and is known for nanodiamond drug delivery and CURATE.AI.
Dean J. Kereiakes
Dean J. Kereiakes, also known as Dean Kereiakes, is an American interventional cardiologist who chairs The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio.