72,234 articles
Diffuse mesangial sclerosis
Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS), ICD-11 MF80, a childhood glomerular histological pattern with mesangial expansion and basement membrane thickening causing nephrotic syndrome; genetic causes include WT1, PLCE1, and LAMB2.
Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered
Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (DMG, formerly H3 K27M-mutant, largely DIPG), a CNS WHO grade 4 midline glioma defined by H3 K27me3 loss; dordaviprone became the first approved systemic therapy in 2025.
Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Control
Diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC), termed conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in humans, is a pain-inhibits-pain mechanism described by Le Bars in 1979, mediated by a brainstem spino-bulbo-spinal loop acting on wide dynamic range neurons.
Diffuse optical imaging
Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a biomedical imaging technique using near-infrared light to reconstruct maps of hemoglobin, oxygenation, and blood flow in tissue several centimeters deep.
Diffuse optical spectroscopy
Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) is a noninvasive technique that uses near-infrared light to measure hemoglobin, water, and lipid in thick tissue, applied to breast cancer monitoring and cerebral hemodynamics.
Diffuse optical tomography
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a medical imaging method that reconstructs 3-D maps of near-infrared light absorption in thick tissue, applied to breast tumors and brain function.
Diffuse orbital inflammation
Diffuse orbital inflammation (ICD-11 9A22.1), also called diffuse idiopathic orbital inflammation or orbital pseudotumor, is a noninfectious, non-neoplastic inflammatory condition diffusely involving orbital fat, diagnosed by exclusion and treated first with corticosteroids.
Diffuse panbronchiolitis
Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB, 弥漫性泛细支气管炎) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory lung disease of respiratory bronchioles, mainly affecting East Asians, marked by chronic sinusitis, cough, sputum, tree-in-bud HRCT nodules, and treatable with low-dose macrolides.
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis
Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN), or unilateral wipe-out syndrome, is a unilateral chorioretinitis caused by a mobile subretinal nematode such as Toxocara canis or Baylisascaris procyonis, treated by laser photocoagulation or albendazole.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging
Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an MRI technique that quantifies non-Gaussian water diffusion in tissue, extending diffusion tensor imaging; it was introduced by Jens Jensen and colleagues in 2005.
Diffusion spectrum imaging
Diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) is a magnetic resonance imaging method that reconstructs water diffusion without a tissue model, resolving crossing fibers that diffusion tensor imaging cannot.
Diffusion tensor imaging
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI technique that estimates water diffusion per voxel, producing anisotropy maps and tract reconstructions used for stroke, brain tumors, and surgical planning.
Diffusional kurtosis imaging
Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a diffusion MRI method that quantifies non-Gaussian water diffusion to probe tissue microstructure, introduced by Jens H. Jensen and colleagues in 2005.
DiFi
DiFi (DIFI, CVCL_6895) is a human colorectal cancer cell line from a familial adenomatous polyposis (Gardner syndrome) patient, derived from metastatic ascites; MSS, EGFR-amplified, and exquisitely cetuximab-sensitive, with the DiFi5 resistant subline.
Diflorasone diacetate
Diflorasone diacetate (Florone, Psorcon) is a synthetic 0.05% topical corticosteroid, first approved in 1977, used twice daily for corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses such as psoriasis and eczema; the ointment is rated very potent and the cream can suppress the HPA axis.
Diflubenzuron
Diflubenzuron (Dimilin, TH 6040) is the first benzoylphenyl urea insecticide, a chitin synthesis inhibitor killing insect larvae during molting; low mammalian toxicity but high aquatic invertebrate toxicity, used in agriculture, forestry, mosquito control, and veterinary medicine.
Diflufenican
Diflufenican (DFF), a pyridinecarboxamide Group 12 herbicide inhibiting phytoene desaturase, controls broadleaf weeds in cereals; EU-approved since 2009, US-registered 2026 for corn and soybean, with persistence and TFA metabolite concerns.
Diflufenzopyr
Diflufenzopyr (BAS 654 H) is a Group 19 semicarbazone auxin transport inhibitor herbicide, used only with dicamba in products Distinct, Status, and Overdrive; registered 1999 in US and Canada, not EU-approved.
Diflunisal
Diflunisal, originally marketed as Dolobid, is a long-acting salicylic acid NSAID used for mild to moderate pain and arthritis, first approved in the United States in 1982.
Difluprednate
Difluprednate (Durezol) is a 0.05% ophthalmic corticosteroid emulsion, a difluorinated prednisolone derivative developed in Japan, FDA-approved in 2008 for post-ocular-surgery inflammation and pain and in 2012 for endogenous anterior uveitis.
Diftet
Diftet is a WHO-prequalified diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (adsorbed, DT), product FVP-P-77, made by BB-NCIPD EAD in Sofia, Bulgaria, prequalified 09/05/2006, 30 IU diphtheria and 40 IU tetanus toxoid per dose.
Digastric muscle
Digastric muscle (musculus digastricus), a two-bellied suprahyoid neck muscle joining mandible, hyoid, and temporal bone via an intermediate tendon. Dual innervation: anterior belly CN V3 mylohyoid nerve, posterior belly CN VII; depresses mandible, elevates hyoid.
Digenea
Digenea: digenetic trematodes or flukes, a subclass of Trematoda with c.18,000 species, the largest group of internal metazoan parasites; split into Diplostomida and Plagiorchiida by 2003 rDNA phylogeny.
DiGeorge syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome, also called 22q11.2 deletion syndrome or velocardiofacial syndrome, is a genetic disorder from a deletion at chromosome 22q11.2 causing heart defects, immune deficiency, palatal anomalies, hypocalcemia, and psychosis risk.
Digestion
Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into absorbable nutrients in the GI tract, involving the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and accessory organs; differs between monogastric humans and pigs and ruminants like cattle.
Digestion and absorption
Digestion and absorption: the gastrointestinal processes that break food into monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids and move them across the small-intestinal epithelium via paracellular and transcellular transport, and how maldigestion and malabsorption arise.
Digestive diseases
Digestive Diseases (Dig Dis) is a peer-reviewed gastroenterology journal published by S. Karger, Basel; founded 1983 as Survey of Digestive Diseases, ISSN 0257-2753, indexed in MEDLINE, edited by Peter Malfertheiner.
Digestive enzyme
Digestive enzymes are extracellular hydrolases (EC class 3) such as amylase, lipase, pepsin, and trypsin that break food macromolecules into absorbable units; covers pH optima, pancreatic secretion, PERT dosing, and supplements.
Digestive surgery
Digestive surgery: operative treatment of digestive tract and associated organs; also Digestive Surgery (Dig Surg), Karger journal for gastrointestinal surgeons founded 1984, official journal of the Collegium Internationale Chirurgiae Digestivae and European Digestive Surgery.
Digestive System Diagnostic Techniques
Digestive system diagnostic techniques: imaging (fluoroscopy, CT, MRI, ultrasound), endoscopy (upper GI endoscopy, colonoscopy, ERCP, capsule endoscopy), and lab tests (stool, breath, blood, biopsy) used to diagnose GI, liver, pancreatic, and biliary diseases.