72,234 articles
Dislocation of radiocarpal joint
Dislocation of radiocarpal joint (radiocarpal dislocation, RCD, ICD-11 NC54.01): rare traumatic total loss of contact between carpus and distal radius, 0.2-2.7% of wrist injuries, usually dorsal, high-energy, with radial styloid and ligamentous injuries.
Dislocation of scapula
Dislocation of scapula (ICD-11 NC13.3; ICD-10-CM S43.31), also called scapular dislocation or locked scapula, a rare traumatic scapulothoracic injury, extrathoracic or intrathoracic, usually reducing with sedation or muscle relaxants.
Dislocation of sternoclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint dislocation: rare (1% of all dislocations) separation of clavicle from sternum, anterior (9x more common) or posterior; posterior type risks life-threatening mediastinal compression and needs urgent reduction, CT is the imaging of choice.
Dislocation of tarsometatarsal joint
Dislocation of the tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc dislocation), midfoot disruption from axial or twisting load on a plantarflexed foot; unstable cases need ORIF or arthrodesis, stable ones nonoperative care.
Dislocation of thumb
Dislocation of thumb, including thumb CMC (basal joint) dislocation, MCP, and IP dislocations. Rare CMC dislocation (<1% of hand lesions); treated by closed reduction with 4-6 week spica casting or ligament reconstruction, often FCR autograft.
Dislocation of wrist
Dislocation of wrist (ICD-11 NC54.0; ICD-10 S63.0): displacement of one or more wrist bones, including distal radioulnar, radiocarpal, midcarpal, and perilunate or lunate dislocations; rare, often missed, requiring urgent reduction.
DISMUD study
DISMUD (NCT03295175), Distribution of Smooth Muscle In Dartos In The Non Conspicuous Penis, a withdrawn observational study by Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogota, comparing dartos smooth muscle in congenital megaprepuce, hypospadias, and controls; zero enrolled.
Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate
Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) is a water-soluble inorganic borate salt supplied as a white powder and used mainly as a wood preservative against insects, termites, and fungi.
Disodium phosphonate
Disodium phosphonate (CAS 13708-85-5), the disodium salt of phosphonic acid, is an EU-approved systemic fungicide active substance against oomycete diseases such as grape downy mildew; plants cannot use it as a phosphorus nutrient, and EU fertilizer law bans its deliberate addition to fertilizers.
Disorder of equilibrium
Disorder of equilibrium (平衡障害), ICD-11 code MB48.1 under MB48 Dizziness or giddiness, chapter 21; maps to ICD-10-CM R42; clinically, disequilibrium is impaired confident ambulation, one of four dizziness types.
Disorder of ligament
Disorder of ligament (ICD-11 FA34.1) covers non-acute abnormal ligament conditions such as sprains and laxity, under FA34 joint derangements; acute injuries are coded separately in chapter 22.
Disorder of the optic nerve
Disorder of the optic nerve (ICD-11 9C40) covers optic neuritis, ischemic, compressive, toxic, hereditary, and glaucomatous optic neuropathies; signs include field defects, dyschromatopsia, and afferent pupillary defect.
Disordered eating
Disordered eating: problematic eating behaviors and attitudes (restriction, bingeing, purging, chronic dieting) below DSM-5-TR thresholds for anorexia, bulimia, BED, or OSFED; affects roughly 20% of adolescents and athletes, screened with SCOFF, treated with CBT-E.
Disorders associated with tremor
Disorders associated with tremor (ICD-11 8A04) are conditions whose main sign is involuntary rhythmic oscillation of a body part, spanning essential tremor, parkinsonian rest tremor, enhanced physiological, cerebellar, dystonic, secondary, and functional tremor.
Disorders due to use of alcohol
Disorders due to use of alcohol (ICD-11 6C40; alcohol use disorder in DSM-5) are conditions of impaired control over drinking, harmful use patterns, and alcohol dependence, affecting an estimated 400 million people worldwide.
Disorders due to use of opioids
Disorders due to use of opioids (ICD-11 6C43) cover harmful opioid use, dependence, intoxication, withdrawal, and opioid-induced disorders. About 60 million people use opioids non-medically; methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone treat the disorder.
Disorders of accommodation
Disorders of accommodation (ICD-11 9D01) are abnormalities of the eye's lens-focusing mechanism: accommodative insufficiency, spasm, fatigue, infacility, and paresis, causing blurred or strained near vision in non-presbyopes.
Disorders of acoustic nerve
Disorders of acoustic nerve (ICD-11 AB72; ICD-10 H93.3), also acoustic nerve diseases or cranial nerve VIII disorders, are disorders of the vestibulocochlear nerve causing hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo; the leading cause is vestibular schwannoma.
Disorders of binocular movement
Disorders of binocular movement (ICD-11 9C83) are conditions in which the two eyes move abnormally or fail to align, including conjugate gaze palsy, convergence insufficiency, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and divergence anomalies, often causing diplopia and loss of stereopsis.
Disorders of biogenic amine metabolism
Disorders of biogenic amine metabolism (ICD-11 5C59.0) are ultrarare inherited defects in synthesis, degradation, or transport of dopamine, serotonin, and catecholamines, or of their BH4 cofactor; treatable movement disorders diagnosed by CSF metabolites.
Disorders of calcium metabolism
Disorders of calcium metabolism (ICD-11 5C64.5) cause hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia. Regulated by PTH, calcitriol, and the calcium-sensing receptor; hypercalcemia is mostly hyperparathyroidism or malignancy, hypocalcemia mostly postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.
Disorders of cholesterol synthesis
Disorders of cholesterol synthesis (inborn errors of sterol biosynthesis, ICD-11 5C52.10): eight genetic enzyme blocks from lanosterol to cholesterol, including Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (DHCR7, 1 in 50,000), causing malformations via impaired hedgehog signaling and toxic sterol buildup.
Disorders of creatine metabolism
Disorders of creatine metabolism, also called cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes, are inherited defects in creatine synthesis or transport causing developmental delay, seizures, and intellectual disability.
Disorders of diaphragm
Disorders of diaphragm (ICD-11 CB23): diaphragm paralysis, relaxation, acquired deformity, and diaphragmitis. Excludes congenital hernia (LB00.0). Treated by plication; traumatic rupture under 1% of injuries.
Disorders of diminished motivation
Disorders of diminished motivation (DDM): apathy, abulia, and akinetic mutism on a severity continuum, defined by primary loss of goal-directed behavior, thought, and emotion, linked to frontal-basal ganglia dopaminergic circuits across stroke, TBI, and dementias.
Disorders of Eustachian tube
Disorders of Eustachian tube (ICD-11 AB10) cover Eustachian tube dysfunction and related conditions. ETD has three subtypes (dilatory, baro-challenge-induced, patulous), affects about 1% of adults, and is diagnosed clinically without a gold-standard test.
Disorders of extraocular muscles
Disorders of extraocular muscles (ICD-11 9C82) affect the six eye-moving muscles, causing paresis or restriction and diplopia. Thyroid eye disease is the most common cause; nonthyroid causes are inflammatory, vascular, and neoplastic.
Disorders of facial nerve
Disorders of facial nerve (ICD-11 8B88, 顔面神経障害) are diseases of cranial nerve VII, including Bell palsy, facial myokymia, hemifacial spasm, and facial neuritis; facial palsy is the most common cranial nerve disorder.
Disorders of intellectual development
Disorders of intellectual development are neurodevelopmental conditions marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior at least two standard deviations below the mean, classified as ICD-11 code 6A00.
Disorders of intracellular cobalamin metabolism
Disorders of intracellular cobalamin metabolism are inborn errors in which vitamin B12 inside cells cannot be converted into its two active cofactors, causing methylmalonic acidemia, homocystinuria, or both.