72,234 articles
Docusate
Docusate (Dulcoease, Dioctyl, Colace) is an anionic surfactant stool softener laxative for constipation, given orally or as an enema; trials show it is no more effective than placebo and inferior to psyllium.
Docusate sodium (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate)
Docusate sodium (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, DSS, CAS 577-11-7) is an anionic surfactant used as a wetting agent, emulsifier, food additive (E480), and stool softener laxative, though clinical reviews find little evidence of constipation benefit.
Dodemorph
Dodemorph (CAS 1593-77-7), 4-cyclododecyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine, the first morpholine fungicide, introduced by BASF in 1965 as Meltatox acetate; an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor used against powdery mildews, later restricted in the EU to glasshouse ornamentals and withdrawn from approval.
Dodine
Dodine (dodecylguanidine acetate, CAS 2439-10-3) is a guanidine fungicide and bactericide, FRAC U12, first registered in 1956, used against apple and pear scab, peach leaf curl, and pecan scab; the first fungicide with documented field resistance.
Dodo
Dodo (Raphus cucullatus), a flightless pigeon endemic to Mauritius, first recorded 1598, last seen 1662; extinct from hunting and introduced rats, pigs, and cats; closest living relative the Nicobar pigeon; sister species the Rodrigues solitaire.
Dodonaea
Dodonaea (hopbush, hopseed bush) is a genus of about 65–72 shrub and tree species in Sapindaceae, mostly Australian, with petal-less flowers and winged capsules; type species Dodonaea viscosa.
Dofetilide
Dofetilide, sold as Tikosyn, is a Class III antiarrhythmic drug that blocks a cardiac potassium current to convert atrial fibrillation and must be started in hospital under monitoring.
Dog
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris), domesticated subspecies of the gray wolf and the first domesticated animal, kept by Paleolithic hunter-gatherers; over 350 breeds, dual Eurasian ancestry, 59,000 annual dog-mediated rabies deaths.
Dog anatomy
Dog anatomy: the bodily structure of Canis lupus familiaris, domesticated from the gray wolf over 33,000 years ago. Marked by extreme skull diversity (brachycephalic to dolichocephalic), a wolf-lacking eyebrow-raising muscle, and conservative inner ear shape.
Dog behavior
Dog behavior covers the actions, communication, and cognition of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), a gray-wolf descendant domesticated roughly 15,000–35,000 years ago, known for sensitivity to human cues, olfaction-driven behavior, and common behavior problems.
Dog bite
Dog bite: injury from a dog's teeth, also called canine bite injury. Tens of millions occur yearly; children are most affected. Key risks are polymicrobial wound infection (Pasteurella) and rabies, prevented by wound irrigation, antibiotics, and post-exposure prophylaxis.
Dog breed
Dog breed: a human-maintained domestic race of dogs with a common gene pool, defined by breed standards and kennel club registries (AKC, FCI). About 350+ breeds worldwide; AKC has 202 breeds in seven groups; breed explains ~9% of behavior variation.
Dog breeding
Dog breeding: directed mating of domestic dogs to produce chosen traits. Covers the canine estrous cycle, 62–64 day gestation, artificial insemination, Victorian-era breed origins, 87% retained genetic diversity, inherited disease, and modern breeding regulation.
Dog communication
Dog communication: signal exchange among domestic dogs and between dogs and humans via visual, tactile, auditory, and olfactory channels; includes barks (160-2630 Hz), referential gestures, pointing comprehension, and domestication-hypothesis debates.
Dog crossbreed
Dog crossbreed, also called designer dog (e.g., Labradoodle, Cockapoo): offspring of two documented purebred parents of different breeds, unlike undocumented mixed breeds; not kennel-club recognized, with mixed evidence on hybrid vigor health benefits.
Dog fighting
Dog fighting is an illegal blood sport in which dogs fight for entertainment and wagering, with ancient Roman roots, UK bans since 1835, US federal prohibition since 1976, and ongoing enforcement.
Dog flea
Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis, Curtis 1826), a Pulicidae flea of dogs and wild carnivores worldwide; distinguished from the cat flea by the genal ctenidium, mitochondrial genome 93.5% identical to C. felis, predominant on dogs in central and eastern Europe.
Dog food
Dog food: commercially prepared food for domestic dogs, from James Spratt's 1860 Meat Fibrine Dog Cakes to extruded kibble, AAFCO complete-and-balanced standards, and raw-diet safety debates.
Dog intelligence
Dog intelligence, also known as canine intelligence, is the study of dogs' cognitive capacities, notable for their skill at reading human cues like pointing, which outperforms chimpanzees and wolves.
Dog meat
Dog meat (狗肉, gajang/개고기) is dog flesh eaten as food, historically in Korea, China, Vietnam, and parts of Africa and Polynesia. South Korea passed a 208-0 ban in January 2024 ending breeding, slaughter, and sales by February 2027; the US, Thailand, and Nagaland also prohibit it.
Dog skin disorders
Dog skin disorders: inflammatory, allergic, parasitic, and infectious skin diseases in dogs, among the most common reasons for veterinary visits; includes atopic dermatitis, flea and food allergy, pyoderma, and their diagnosis and treatment.
Dog training
Dog training, also called dog obedience training, applies learning theory to change a dog's behavior, teaching skills such as recall and preparing dogs for service roles.
Dog type
Dog type is the defining form and function of a dog breed: head and body structure, coat, and working purpose. Preserved by breed standards, classified into AKC's 7 and FCI's 10 groups, and genetically compact, with few loci driving most breed morphology.
Dog whelk
Dog whelk (Nucella lapillus), a North Atlantic muricid snail that drills barnacles and mussels; females develop TBT-induced imposex, making it a classic marine pollution bioindicator.
Dogo Argentino
The Dogo Argentino, also called the Argentine Dogo, is a large white dog breed from Argentina created in 1928 by Antonio Nores Martínez to hunt wild boar and pumas.
Dogs in the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Free-roaming dogs of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, descendants of pets abandoned in the 1986 Pripyat evacuation; managed by the Dogs of Chernobyl sterilization program and studied genetically, with no elevated mutation rate found.
Dogs in warfare
Dogs in warfare: canines used from ancient Persia and Assyria through WWI mercy and messenger dogs, the 1942 U.S. K-9 Corps, and today's military working dog detection, patrol, and therapy programs.
Dogue Brasileiro
Dogue Brasileiro: Brazilian guard dog breed created in 1978 in Caxias do Sul by Pedro Ribeiro Dantas from Bull Terrier × Boxer crosses; first dog Tigresa; CBKC-recognized 1999 via the Bull Boxer Club.
Dogue de Bordeaux
Dogue de Bordeaux (French Mastiff, Bordeaux Mastiff): ancient French molossoid guardian breed, FCI Group 2, Standard No. 116. Massive wrinkled head, fawn coat, dogs 60–68 cm and at least 50 kg; nearly extinct after WWII, revived by Raymond Triquet from the 1960s.
Dolasetron
Dolasetron (Anzemet), a pseudopelletierine-derived 5-HT3 antagonist antiemetic converted to hydrodolasetron, approved 1997; oral form remains for CINV prevention, IV withdrawn over QTc prolongation.