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Dnieper - South Bug
Dnieper - South Bug, Freshwater Ecoregion 425 (FEOW), a fish-biogeographic region covering the Dnieper and Southern Bug drainages in Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia; temperate floodplain rivers, six Dnieper reservoirs, no strict endemic fishes, Kakhovka dam destroyed 2023.
DNM1
DNM1 (dynamin 1, DEE31) is a human gene on chromosome 9q34.11 encoding a neuron-specific GTPase that drives synaptic vesicle membrane fission; dominant-negative or biallelic loss-of-function variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.
DNM1L
DNM1L (DRP1, DLP1), human gene at 12p11.21 encoding the dynamin-1-like GTPase that mediates mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission; pathogenic variants cause EMPF1 encephalopathy and OPA5 optic atrophy.
DNM2
DNM2 (dynamin 2), also DYN2/CMTDIB, is a human gene at 19p13.2 encoding a ubiquitously expressed 100-kDa GTPase that mediates vesicle scission in endocytosis and regulates actin and microtubules; dominant mutations cause centronuclear myopathy (gain-of-function) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (loss-of-function).
DNMT2 and tRNA m5C methylation
DNMT2, officially named TRDMT1 in humans, is an enzyme that adds a methyl group to cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of specific transfer RNAs.
DNMT3A-related microcephalic dwarfism
DNMT3A-related microcephalic dwarfism, also called Heyn-Sproul-Jackson syndrome (HESJAS, OMIM 618724), is a rare autosomal dominant disorder from de novo gain-of-function PWWP-domain DNMT3A variants, causing microcephaly, severe growth failure, and developmental delay, the reciprocal phenotype of Tatton-Brown-Rahman overgrowth syndrome.
DNMT3B
DNMT3B (DNA methyltransferase 3 beta) is a human gene on chromosome 20 that encodes a de novo DNA methyltransferase establishing methylation patterns in embryonic development; its mutations cause ICF syndrome.
DNOC
DNOC (4,6-dinitro-o-cresol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) is a yellow crystalline nitrophenol pesticide and mitochondrial uncoupler; its US pesticide registration was cancelled in 1991 and it is listed under the Rotterdam Convention.
DNV3
DNV3 is a humanized IgG4 anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibody from Shima Medicine, tested with toripalimab and chemotherapy in advanced melanoma (44.4% ORR), and in planned NSCLC trials.
Do-it-yourself biology
Do-it-yourself biology (DIYbio, biohacking): biology practiced outside universities, institutes, and companies by amateurs. Founded with DIYbio.org in Boston in 2008; community labs like Genspace; low-cost equipment, self-regulation, and country-specific regulation distinguish it.
DO-RE-MI C-S trial
The DO-RE-MI C-S trial is a University of Calgary pilot randomized controlled trial testing whether pasteurized donor milk better preserves the gut microbiome of cesarean-born full-term infants than formula.
Dobermann
Dobermann (Doberman Pinscher) is a German working and guard dog breed created in the 1870s by tax collector Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann of Apolda, Thuringia; black or brown with rust markings, 68–72 cm males, prone to dilated cardiomyopathy and von Willebrand's disease.
Dobesilic acid
Dobesilic acid, also known as dobesilate, is an aromatic sulfonic acid derived from hydroquinone; its diethylammonium salt, etamsylate, is a hemostatic drug used against capillary bleeding since the 1960s.
Dobsonfly
Dobsonfly, subfamily Corydalinae (Megaloptera: Corydalidae); eastern dobsonfly Corydalus cornutus. Large weak-flying insects; males have 40 mm sickle mandibles, aquatic hellgrammite larvae live 1-3 years in streams.
Dobutamine
Dobutamine: synthetic catecholamine inotrope stimulating cardiac beta1 receptors, IV infusion for acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock, also used off-label for stress echocardiography; developed 1968–1974, US approval July 1978; DOREMI trial found no outcome difference versus milrinone.
Doc Antle
Bhagavan "Doc" Antle, also known as Kevin Antle, is an American animal trainer and operator of Myrtle Beach Safari in South Carolina, known from Tiger King.
Docetaxel
Docetaxel (Taxotere) is a semisynthetic taxane chemotherapy from Taxus baccata that stabilizes microtubules; FDA-approved 1996 for breast, lung, prostate, gastric, and head and neck cancers, with neutropenia and fluid retention as key toxicities.
Docetaxel plus enzalutamide
Docetaxel plus enzalutamide is a combination regimen for advanced prostate cancer pairing the chemotherapy docetaxel with the androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide, studied in metastatic disease but not approved as a combination.
Docetaxel regimen
A docetaxel regimen is a chemotherapy protocol built around docetaxel, a taxane given intravenously, alone or with partners such as prednisone, to treat breast, lung, prostate, and other cancers.
Docetaxel/gemcitabine regimen
The docetaxel/gemcitabine regimen, also called docetaxel and gemcitabine, is a doublet chemotherapy combination pairing a taxane with an antimetabolite, best documented for soft-tissue sarcoma, especially leiomyosarcoma.
Dociparstat sodium
Dociparstat sodium (ODSH, DSTAT, CX-01) is a non-anticoagulant 2-O,3-O-desulfated heparin derivative inhibiting CXCL12/CXCR4, RAGE, and heparanase; investigated in AML, MDS, and COVID-19, with development stopped by Chimerix.
DOCK8
DOCK8 (dedicator of cytokinesis 8) is a protein encoded on chromosome 9 that regulates the immune cell cytoskeleton by activating Cdc42; its loss causes a rare combined immunodeficiency.
DOCKER domain
The DOCKER domain, also known as DHR-2 or CZH2, is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain of DOCK proteins, activating RAC1 and CDC42 to regulate cell migration.
Docking (animal)
Docking (animal): routine amputation of part of the tail in pigs, sheep, cattle, and dogs; methods include surgery, hot iron, and rubber ring; welfare effects, rationales, and legal limits differ by species.
Docking (dog)
Docking (dog): tail docking, caudectomy, the amputation of a puppy's tail within days of birth for cosmetics, breed standards, or supposed injury prevention; banned in much of the world with working-dog exemptions, and opposed by major veterinary associations.
Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid concentrated in brain, retina, and sperm, made by marine microalgae, poorly synthesized from ALA, and obtained from fish, algal oil, and supplements.
Doctor Mike (Михаил Варшавский)
Doctor Mike, Mikhail Varshavski (Михаил Варшавский), is a Russian-born American board-certified family medicine physician and the most-followed doctor on social media, with over 30 million followers, a YouTube channel launched in 2017, and The Checkup podcast.
Doctor of Medicine
The Doctor of Medicine (MD or M.D.) is a professional doctoral degree in medicine granted in the United States and Canada after four years of accredited study.
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO), a US physician degree from COCA-accredited colleges founded on A.T. Still's 1874 philosophy; DOs are fully licensed physicians with OMT training, COMLEX licensure, and outcomes matching MDs.
Doctor of Pharmacy
Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD): the six-year entry-level professional doctorate for US pharmacists since 2000, ACPE-accredited under Standards 2025, with IPPE/APPE rotations and NAPLEX licensure; distinct from the PhD and adopted in countries such as Thailand and Japan.