72,234 articles
Eville Gorham
Eville Gorham (1925–2020) was a Canadian-born ecologist and biogeochemist who spent 36 years at the University of Minnesota and is widely called the "grandfather of acid rain research".
Evinacumab
Evinacumab (Evkeeza), an ANGPTL3-inhibiting IgG4 monoclonal antibody by Regeneron, FDA-approved February 2021, lowers LDL-C via an LDL receptor-independent mechanism in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
EVL trial
EVL trial (NCT06250803), Early stenting vs. Late stenting: multicenter single-blind randomized Chinese trial of 768 patients testing whether early pancreatic stent placement prevents post-ERCP pancreatitis better than late placement.
Evobrutinib
Evobrutinib (M2951) is Merck KGaA's oral, covalent BTK inhibitor for autoimmune disease; strong phase 2 MS results but phase 3 evolutionRMS failure versus teriflunomide and liver safety signals led to discontinued development.
Evocalcet
Evocalcet (KHK7580, MT-4580; brand Orkedia) is an oral calcimimetic, a calcium-sensing receptor positive allosteric modulator approved in Japan in 2018 for secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients, noninferior to cinacalcet with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events.
Evofosfamide
Evofosfamide (TH-302), a hypoxia-activated prodrug of bromo-isophosphoramide mustard developed by Threshold Pharmaceuticals and Merck KGaA; failed phase 3 trials in soft-tissue sarcoma (SARC021) and pancreatic cancer (MAESTRO).
Evogliptin
Evogliptin (Suganon, DA-1229), a Dong-A ST oral DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes; first approved South Korea October 2015, 5 mg once daily, also approved with metformin in India.
Evoked potential monitoring
Evoked potential monitoring is an intraoperative neuromonitoring technique that records the nervous system's small electrical responses after stimulation, assessing neural pathway integrity during anesthesia, mainly via SSEPs, MEPs, BAEPs, and VEPs.
Evoked Potentials
Evoked potentials are nervous system electrical responses time-locked to visual, auditory, somatosensory, or motor stimuli, under a microvolt to several microvolts, extracted by averaging; used diagnostically, intraoperatively, and for prognosis.
Evoked response audiometry
Evoked response audiometry (ERA) is a diagnostic audiology method that estimates hearing thresholds from the brain's electrical responses to sound, used for patients unable to complete behavioral testing.
Evolution
Evolution, the basis of the theory of descent with modification, is the change in heritable characteristics of biological populations over generations, explained by Darwin's natural selection and confirmed by fossil and DNA evidence.
Evolution (journal)
Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, a peer-reviewed evolutionary biology journal founded in 1947 by the Society for the Study of Evolution, first edited by Ernst Mayr; formerly Wiley-published, now on Oxford Academic.
Evolution and conservation of long non-coding RNAs
Evolution and conservation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is dominated by rapid birth and death: most lncRNAs cannot be traced beyond about 50 million years.
Evolution and ecology of alkaloid biosynthesis
The evolution and ecology of alkaloid biosynthesis is the study of how plant alkaloid pathways arise independently by gene duplication, are repeatedly lost, and are shaped by herbivore coevolution.
Evolution and fossil record of myriapods
The evolution and fossil record of myriapods traces millipedes and centipedes as likely the first land animals, led by Scotland's Silurian millipede Pneumodesmus newmani, about 414 million years old.
Evolution and fossil record of Pauropoda
The evolution and fossil record of Pauropoda, minute soil-dwelling myriapods with 835 described species, rests on molecular clocks and a single fossil, Eopauropus balticus, from Eocene Baltic amber.
Evolution and fossil record of pelagic tunicates
Pelagic tunicates are open-ocean chordates, including salps, doliolids, pyrosomes, and larvaceans, that evolved from seafloor ascidian-like ancestors and left a very sparse fossil record.
Evolution and fossil record of sea stars
Evolution and fossil record of sea stars (Asteroidea, starfish): Ordovician origin about 495 Ma, Paleozoic stem groups, Permian-Triassic bottleneck, exceptional-preservation fossil record, and Jurassic re-diversification of the living crown group.
Evolution and recombination of coronaviruses
Coronaviruses evolve through point mutation, about 10^-4 substitutions per site per year, and homologous recombination, which reshuffles genes like spike and drove the emergence of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2.
Evolution as fact and theory
Evolution as fact and theory: the distinction, promoted by Stephen Jay Gould and the National Academy of Sciences, between the observed fact of descent with modification and the theory (natural selection, drift) explaining it, and its use in creationism debates.
Evolution of birds
Evolution of birds: birds are living theropod dinosaurs (Avialae), arising from small feathered coelurosaurs about 160-150 million years ago via Archaeopteryx; beaked birds alone survived the K-Pg extinction 66 Ma, yielding today's 11,000 species.
Evolution of cetaceans
Cetaceans, which is the lineage of whales, dolphins, and porpoises, is the approximately 12-million-year transition from four-legged, land-dwelling ungulates, appearing in the fossil record around 55 million years ago.
Evolution of color vision
Evolution of color vision: how opsin gene duplications and losses shaped animal color vision, from four-cone ancestral vertebrates through the nocturnal mammalian bottleneck to primate trichromacy regained about 35 million years ago.
Evolution of fish
The evolution of fish, also called fish evolution, spans about 500 million years, from jawless armored creatures in ancient seas to the origin of jaws, bony skeletons, and today's dominant ray-finned fishes.
Evolution of fungi
Evolution of fungi: from aquatic flagellated ancestors to terrestrial hyphal lineages; arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses with 70-90% of land plants, 407-million-year-old Rhynie chert fossils, and mushroom diversification.
Evolution of human intelligence
Evolution of human intelligence: six-million-year history of cognitive change in the human lineage, marked by a roughly threefold brain expansion, fastest in Homo erectus, driven by cortical neuron counts, diet, fire, language, and culture.
Evolution of mammals
Evolution of mammals: the synapsid lineage from pelycosaurs through therapsids and cynodonts to Mammaliaformes, marked by the jaw-to-middle-ear transition, diphyodont teeth, Late Triassic endothermy, and the post-K-Pg placental radiation.
Evolution of photosynthesis
Evolution of photosynthesis: from anoxygenic single-reaction-center phototrophy to oxygenic cyanobacteria before the ~2.4 Ga Great Oxidation Event, plastid endosymbiosis, and the repeated convergent evolution of C4 (66+ origins) and CAM in plants.
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution of sexual reproduction: origin of meiosis, gamete fusion, and recombination in the last eukaryotic common ancestor; twofold cost of sex, Red Queen and DNA-repair hypotheses, and asexual lineages.
Evolution of spider silk and webs
Spider silk and webs evolved from silk spigots 386 million years ago to spinnerets, then from simple sheet webs to geometric orbs, whose origins remain debated.