72,234 articles
Evolution of spiders
The evolution of spiders is the history of the arachnid order Araneae, silk-producing predators whose fossil record begins in the Carboniferous about 315 million years ago.
Evolution of stingless bees
The evolution of stingless bees traces the tribe Meliponini, more than 600 eusocial tropical species, from Cretaceous origins about 81 million years ago through dispersal across the Neotropics, Africa, and Indo-Australasia.
Evolution of the eye
Evolution of the eye: how animal light-sensitive organs arose, with at least 40 hypothesized independent origins, Cambrian fossil eyes like Olenellus, shared Pax6 genetics, and convergent camera eyes in vertebrates and cephalopods.
Evolution of the horse
Evolution of the horse: 55-million-year history of Equidae, which arose in North America in the early Eocene from cat-sized Hyracotherium, passed through Merychippus and Miocene diversity, produced Equus, went extinct in the Americas, and was domesticated in the Volga-Don steppes.
Evolution of the pepsin family of aspartyl proteases
The pepsin family is a group of bilobal aspartyl proteases, enzymes that cleave proteins with two catalytic aspartates, secreted by the stomach as zymogens called pepsinogens.
Evolution of the wolf
Evolution of the wolf: history of Canis lupus, from the Pleistocene wolf event and Beringian origins through Late Pleistocene population turnover to the now-extinct wolf population that gave rise to domestic dogs.
Evolution trial
Evolution trial (WJOG11819L), a Japanese phase 2 single-arm study (NCT04153734) of pembrolizumab plus platinum chemotherapy without radiotherapy in 21 patients with unresectable stage III PD-L1-high NSCLC; 2-year PFS 67%, median OS 44.4 months.
Evolutionarily stable strategy
Evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), coined by Maynard Smith and Price (1973), is a game-theory strategy that resists invasion by rare mutants; every ESS is a Nash equilibrium, but not every Nash equilibrium is an ESS, and ESSs need not exist.
Evolutionary anthropology
Evolutionary anthropology: the study of human evolution spanning paleoanthropology, primatology, archaeology, and genomics; also a Wiley review journal (ISSN 1060-1538) founded 1992, edited by John Lindo.
Evolutionary biologist
An evolutionary biologist is a scientist who studies how life's diversity arose and changes over time, working to discover the history of life and understand evolution's causal processes.
Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary biology, also called the study of evolution or Darwinian biology, is the biological subdiscipline covering life's origin, diversification, and adaptation, built on natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow and the Modern Synthesis.
Evolutionary developmental biology
Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) studies how embryonic development and evolution shape each other; revived after Gould 1977 and the 1984 homeobox discovery, it underpins Extended Evolutionary Synthesis debates.
Evolutionary history of Equisetum
The evolutionary history of Equisetum, the horsetails, shows striking morphological stasis: molecular clocks place the genus's origin in the Early Jurassic or earlier, making it the oldest living vascular plant genus.
Evolutionary history of irregular echinoids
The evolutionary history of irregular echinoids covers how heart urchins, sand dollars, and sea biscuits arose abruptly in the Early Jurassic and diversified into 60% of living echinoid species.
Evolutionary history of plants
Evolutionary history of plants: from cyanobacteria and streptophyte green algae to land plants c. 470 Ma, Silurian Cooksonia, Carboniferous coal forests, and Cretaceous angiosperm rise.
EVOLVE-1 trial
EVOLVE-1 (Evaluation of LY2951742 in the Prevention of Episodic Migraine 1) was a 2016-2017 phase 3 trial of galcanezumab 120 mg and 240 mg vs placebo in 858 episodic migraine patients, reducing monthly migraine days by 4.7 and 4.6 vs 2.8.
EVOLVE-2 trial
The EVOLVE-2 trial was a Phase 3, placebo-controlled trial of galcanezumab for episodic migraine prevention that enrolled 922 patients across 11 countries from 2016 to 2017.
EW-1
EW-1 (IARC-EW-1, CVCL_1208) is a human Ewing sarcoma cell line from a metastatic pleural effusion of a 19-year-old male, carrying an EWSR1-FLI1 type 2 fusion, TP53 p.Arg273Cys, and CDKN2A deletion.
EW-8
EW-8 (CVCL_1658, formerly RH1 or SJRH-1) is a human Ewing sarcoma cell line from a bone marrow metastasis, originally misclassified as rhabdomyosarcoma, carrying an EWSR1-FLI1 type 1 fusion and TP53 Tyr220Cys.
Ewald Hering
Ewald Hering, born Karl Ewald Konstantin Hering (1834–1918), was a German physiologist who discovered the Hering–Breuer reflex and proposed the opponent-process theory of color vision.
Ewald Weibel
Ewald Weibel (1929–2019) was a Swiss anatomist and cell biologist who pioneered stereology, applied it to the lung, and led the University of Bern's anatomy institute.
Ewan C. Goligher
Ewan C. Goligher, also published as Ewan Goligher, is a Canadian clinician-scientist at the University of Toronto who studies how mechanical ventilation injures the lungs and diaphragm.
Ewan R. Pearson
Ewan R. Pearson is a British physician-scientist, Professor of Diabetic Medicine at the University of Dundee, known for showing that a patient's genetic diagnosis determines which diabetes drug works.
Ewing sarcoma of soft tissue
Ewing sarcoma of soft tissue, or extraosseous Ewing sarcoma, is a malignant small round cell sarcoma of soft tissue with EWSR1-ETS fusions, treated like bone Ewing sarcoma with VDC/IE chemotherapy plus surgery or radiation.
EWSR1
EWSR1 (EWS RNA binding protein 1, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1) is a chromosome 22 gene encoding the EWS RNA-binding protein; its fusions with FLI1, ERG, WT1, and other partners drive Ewing sarcoma and many other tumors.
Ex situ conservation
Ex situ is the conservation of genetic material or living organisms outside their natural habitat, as seeds in gene banks, plants in botanical gardens, or animals in zoos.
Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedures
Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedures: fetal surgery during cesarean delivery while the baby remains on placental circulation, securing an airway, resecting masses, ECMO cannulation, or separating conjoined twins.
Ex vivo cell expansion
Ex vivo cell expansion is a cell culture technique that grows cells removed from a living organism outside the body to increase their numbers for research and cell therapy manufacture.
Ex vivo culture
Ex vivo culture is a bench biology technique in which cells or tissues removed from a living organism are grown outside the body under controlled laboratory conditions.
Ex vivo lung perfusion
Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a transplantation technique that pumps donor lungs outside the body to test their function and recondition marginal lungs for transplant.