72,234 articles
Fragmentation (reproduction)
Fragmentation (reproduction): asexual reproduction where a body breaks into parts that regenerate into complete individuals; seen in sea stars, planarians, Spirogyra, fungi, and plants, distinct from fission and budding.
FRAIL scale
The FRAIL scale is a five-item self-report questionnaire screening older adults for physical frailty, proposed in 2008 and validated in 2012, requiring no physical examination.
Frail-LAAC study
Frail-LAAC (NCT05257954) is a prospective multicenter study of frailty in left atrial appendage closure, also called LAAC frailty assessment. It found frailty (Essential Frailty Toolset ≥3) in 22.4% of 452 patients and a 5-fold higher mortality risk.
Frailty score
A frailty score is a clinical assessment tool that quantifies an older patient's frailty to guide diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions, with over 50 instruments identified.
FRAILTY study
FRAILTY (Factors Affecting the Quality of Life After Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults), NCT04839887, is a prospective single-center observational cohort at University Hospital Olomouc studying fatigue, pain, social support, and quality of life in working-age ischemic stroke patients.
FRAME trial
The FRAME trial (Fetal gRowth AbnorMality dEtection Trial, NCT05043753) is a two-arm Italian randomized trial testing whether midwife-performed point-of-care ultrasound of fetal abdominal circumference plus fundal height beats fundal height alone for detecting small and large for gestational age infants.
Frameshift mutation
Frameshift mutation: an insertion or deletion of DNA base pairs not a multiple of three, also called a frameshift variant, which disrupts the triplet reading frame, changes all downstream codons, and usually creates a premature stop codon and truncated protein.
Framingham Heart Study
Framingham Heart Study, begun 1948 in Framingham, Massachusetts under the NHLBI: a longitudinal cohort study of 5,209 original participants, later six cohorts, that identified major cardiovascular risk factors and produced the Framingham risk score.
Framingham Risk Score
Framingham Risk Score (FRS): algorithm estimating 10-year coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease risk from age, cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, and sex; derived from the Framingham Heart Study, most-validated CVD risk model, tends to overestimate risk without recalibration.
Fran Supek
Fran Supek, born 1981, is a Croatian computational biologist leading the Genome Data Science lab at IRB Barcelona and, since 2024, a group at the University of Copenhagen.
Frances A. Shepherd
Frances A. Shepherd is a Canadian medical oncologist and lung cancer clinical-trials researcher at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, known for the 2005 BR.21 erlotinib and JBR.10 trials.
Frances Arnold
Frances H. Arnold, Caltech chemical engineer, pioneered directed evolution of enzymes (iterative mutation and screening), winning the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; first American woman chemistry laureate and first woman Draper Prize winner.
Frances Cress Welsing
Frances Cress Welsing (1935–2016), also Frances Luella Welsing, American psychiatrist and Howard University M.D. (1962) who wrote the 1970 Cress Theory of Color-Confrontation and The Isis Papers (1991), explaining racism as a global white-supremacy system.
Frances E. Lund
Frances E. Lund is an American immunologist who directs the Immunology Institute of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, where she studies B cell differentiation, memory, and cytokine production.
Frances Eileen Carr
Frances Eileen Carr is an American molecular endocrinologist and Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Vermont, known for research on thyroid hormone receptors in cancer.
Frances Elizabeth Jensen
Frances Elizabeth Jensen is an American neurologist and Chair of Neurology at the University of Pennsylvania, known for research on epilepsy, the developing brain, and authoring The Teenage Brain.
Frances Lawrence Parker
Frances Lawrence Parker (1906–2002), American micropaleontologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography; expert on benthic and planktonic Foraminifera, co-founder of the Marine Foraminifera Laboratory, pioneer of paleoceanography, 1962 planktonic foraminifera classification.
Frances M. Ashcroft
Frances M. Ashcroft is a British physiologist at Oxford whose work on KATP channels explained insulin secretion and let neonatal diabetes patients switch from insulin to tablets.
Frances M. Brodsky
Frances M. Brodsky is an American cell biologist and immunologist known for defining how clathrin assembles and for discovering the CHC22 isoform's role in glucose metabolism.
Frances Oldham Kelsey
Frances Oldham Kelsey (1914–2015), Canadian-born pharmacologist and FDA medical officer, refused U.S. approval of thalidomide (Kevadon) in 1960 despite sponsor pressure, averting thousands of birth defects; honored with the 1962 President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service.
Frances R. Balkwill
Frances R. Balkwill, known as Fran Balkwill, is a British cancer researcher and Professor at Queen Mary University of London who studies cancer-related inflammation, especially in ovarian cancer.
Frances S. Chance
Frances S. Chance is an American computational neuroscientist at Sandia National Laboratories who studies how biological neural networks process information and applies it to brain-inspired computing.
Francesc Graus
Francesc Graus is a Spanish neurologist and neuro-oncologist at Hospital Clínic de Barcelona whose research on paraneoplastic syndromes and autoimmune encephalitis helped establish autoimmune neurology as a subspecialty.
Francesc Posas
Francesc Posas is a Spanish molecular biologist studying stress-activated MAP kinase signaling, Full Professor at Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Director of IRB Barcelona since 2018.
Francesca Cacucci
Francesca Cacucci is a neuroscientist and Professor of Neuroscience at University College London who leads the Spatial Cognition in Development lab, studying how hippocampal circuits represent space and develop after birth.
Francesca D. Ciccarelli
Francesca D. Ciccarelli is an Italian cancer genomics researcher known for the Network of Cancer Genes and head of the Centre for Cancer Evolution in London since 2023.
Francesco Blasi
Francesco Blasi, born 1937 in Naples, is an Italian molecular biologist who cloned the urokinase receptor uPAR, central to cell migration and cancer invasion, and later studied the Prep1 transcription factor.
Francesco Cecconi
Francesco Cecconi, born in Rome in 1964, is an Italian biochemist and cell biologist known for identifying Apaf1's developmental role in apoptosis and discovering Ambra1, a vertebrate autophagy protein.
Francesco Cosentino
Francesco Cosentino is an Italian-born cardiologist and professor of clinical cardiovascular research at Karolinska Institutet, chair of the 2019 ESC diabetes guidelines and ESC vice-president.
Francesco Cucca
Francesco Cucca is an Italian physician and geneticist, professor of medical genetics at the University of Sassari, who studies genes shaping immunity and disease in Sardinia.