72,234 articles
Fried syndrome
Fried syndrome is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome featuring hydrocephalus and mild facial anomalies, caused by AP1S2 gene mutations and named after K. Fried, who described it in 1972.
Friedhelm Hildebrandt
Friedhelm Hildebrandt, M.D., is a pediatric nephrologist and geneticist who is chief of nephrology at Boston Children's Hospital and a Harvard professor, known for identifying single-gene causes of inherited childhood kidney disease.
Friedreich's ataxia
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive ataxia from GAA repeat expansion in FXN causing frataxin deficiency; features gait ataxia, areflexia, cardiomyopathy, diabetes; omaveloxolone (Skyclarys) is the first approved drug.
Friedrich Berthold Reinke
Friedrich Berthold Reinke was a German anatomist (1862–1919) who spent his career at the University of Rostock and gave his name to the Reinke space of the vocal fold and Reinke crystals.
Friedrich Bonhoeffer
Friedrich Bonhoeffer (1932–2021) was a German developmental neuroscientist, trained as a nuclear physicist, who showed how retinal axons find their targets and led a Max Planck institute in Tübingen.
Friedrich C. Luft
Friedrich C. Luft, born in Berlin in 1942, is a physician-scientist and professor at the Max Delbrück Center and Charité in Berlin, known for research on hypertension and nephrology.
Friedrich Fehleisen
Friedrich Fehleisen (1854–1924) was a German physician and surgeon who, working at Würzburg, isolated the erysipelas streptococcus in pure culture and proved experimentally that it causes the disease.
Friedrich Feyrter
Friedrich Feyrter (1895–1973) was an Austrian pathologist who proposed in 1938 that scattered hormone-producing cells form the diffuse endocrine system, and is called the Father of Neuroendocrinology.
Friedrich Grimminger
Friedrich Grimminger is a German pulmonary physician-scientist, professor of internal medicine at Justus Liebig University Giessen since 2003, known for the Giessen pharmacotherapy program in pulmonary hypertension.
Friedrich Grummt
Friedrich Grummt was a German molecular biologist and professor of biochemistry at the University of Würzburg who showed that purine nucleotide pools control ribosomal RNA synthesis.
Friedrich K. Port
Friedrich K. Port, also known as Friedrich Port or Fritz Port, is a German-born nephrologist and outcomes researcher known for large-scale studies of mortality in dialysis and transplant patients.
Friedrich Loeffler
Friedrich Loeffler (1852–1915) was a German bacteriologist who isolated the diphtheria bacillus in 1884 and, with Paul Frosch, showed in 1898 that foot-and-mouth disease was caused by the first animal virus.
Friedrich Philipp Ellinger
Friedrich Philipp Ellinger (1900–1962) was a German-American physician and radiation biologist who worked at the University of Berlin, moved to New York by 1941, and wrote influential textbooks on radiation therapy.
Friedrich Reinitzer
Friedrich Reinitzer (1857–1927) was an Austrian botanist and chemist in Prague and Graz whose 1888 observation of cholesteryl benzoate's double melting point founded the field of liquid crystals.
Friedrich Ritter (physician)
Friedrich Ritter (1886–1934), German physician and psychosomatic specialist from Berlin, settled Floreana in the Galápagos with Dore Strauch in 1929; his Nietzschean utopia ended in the unsolved 1934 Galápagos Affair and his death, presumably botulism.
Friedrich Sigmund Merkel
Friedrich Sigmund Merkel (1845–1919) was a German anatomist and histopathologist who in 1875 first described the touch cells of the skin, now called Merkel cells; the skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma also bears his name.
Friedrich W. Mohr
Friedrich W. Mohr, in full Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr, is a German cardiac surgeon who led the SYNTAX trial and directed cardiac surgery at the Leipzig Heart Center from 1994 to 2017.
Friend murine leukemia virus
Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV, FrMLV), a gammaretrovirus isolated by Charlotte Friend in 1956-1957 that causes erythroleukemia in mice; replication-competent helper virus of the two-virus Friend virus complex with SFFV, infecting DBA/2 and Swiss mice.
Friesian horse
Friesian horse (Friese paard), the only horse breed native to the Netherlands, from Friesland; black coat, feathered legs; KFPS studbook since 1879; used for dressage and driving; known genetic conditions include hydrocephalus and dwarfism.
FrieslandCampina
FrieslandCampina, formally Royal FrieslandCampina N.V., is a Dutch dairy company owned by a cooperative of about 15,000 member dairy farmers, formed in 2008 from the merger of Friesland Foods and Campina.
Frigatebird
Frigatebirds (Fregatidae) are tropical seabirds known as pirate birds for kleptoparasitism, though stealing supplies only about 5% of their food; great frigatebirds stay aloft for months, and the Christmas Island frigatebird is endangered.
Frilled shark
Frilled shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus), a rare deepwater Hexanchiformes shark with six frilly gill slits, three-cusped teeth, eel-like body to 2 m, 120–1500 m depth, Near Threatened, gestation possibly 3.5 years.
Fringilla
Fringilla (chaffinches and brambling) is a Linnaean 1758 genus of finches in Fringillidae, subfamily Fringillinae, sister to Carduelinae; includes F. coelebs, F. montifringilla, and Macaronesian chaffinch species.
Fringilla coelebs
Fringilla coelebs, the common chaffinch (Buchfink), is a widespread Eurasian and Macaronesian finch; a 2021 phylogenomic study proposes splitting it into five species.
Fringilla montifringilla
Fringilla montifringilla, the brambling (Bergfink, Pinson du Nord), is a northern Eurasian finch breeding in birch and boreal forest from Fennoscandia to Russia, wintering in huge nomadic flocks that follow beech mast crops, with roosts up to 20 million birds.
Fringillidae
Fringillidae, the true finches (including Hawaiian honeycreepers, synonym Drepanididae), is a passerine family of seed-eating songbirds with palatal grooves and a reduced 10th primary, split into Fringillinae, Euphoniinae, and Carduelinae, with Darwin's finches historically assigned to it.
Fritillaria
Fritillaria (fritillaries), genus of bulbous Liliaceae herbs native from NW Africa and temperate Eurasia to N Myanmar and Alaska to NW Mexico; ~175 species, huge genomes, medicinal bulbs, threatened Himalayan species.
Fritillariidae
Fritillariidae (Lohmann, 1915) is a family of appendicularian (larvacean) tunicates with genera Fritillaria, Tectillaria, and Appendicularia; marine planktonic filter feeders living outside mucous houses, with curved endostyles and rapid one-day development.
Fritiof Holmgren
Fritiof Holmgren (Alarik Frithiof Holmgren) was a Swedish physiologist at Uppsala University who in 1866 reported electrical changes in the eye and invented a wool-skein test for color blindness.
Fritiof S. Sjöstrand
Fritiof S. Sjöstrand (Fritiof Stig Sjöstrand, 1912–2011) was a Swedish physician and histologist who pioneered biological electron microscopy at the Karolinska Institute before moving to UCLA in 1959.