Life and health

Fritjof Helmchen

Fritjof Helmchen is a German systems neuroscientist, Professor of Neuroscience and Co-Director of the Brain Research Institute at the University of Zurich, known for two-photon imaging of the living brain.

Frits R. Rosendaal

Frits R. Rosendaal (born 1959) is a Dutch physician-scientist, professor of clinical epidemiology at Leiden University, known for identifying genetic and acquired causes of venous thrombosis.

Frits Warmolt Went

Frits Warmolt Went (1903–1990) was a Dutch-American plant physiologist whose 1926 oat coleoptile experiment first demonstrated auxin, and who built the first phytotron at Caltech.

Fritz Baltzer

Fritz Baltzer (1884–1974) was a Swiss zoologist and embryologist, professor at Bern, known for newt and salamander hybrid merogone experiments on how nucleus and cytoplasm direct development.

Fritz H. Bach

Fritz H. Bach (1934–2011) was an American transplantation immunologist who enabled the first successful matched bone marrow transplants, helped define HLA class I and II antigens, and led the debate on xenotransplantation.

Fritz H. Schroder

Fritz H. Schröder is a German-born urologist who chaired urology at Erasmus University Rotterdam and initiated the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.

Fritz J. Sedlazeck

Fritz J. Sedlazeck is a computational genomicist and Associate Professor at Baylor College of Medicine's Human Genome Sequencing Center, known for the open-source long-read tools NGMLR and Sniffles.

Fritz Juliusberg

Fritz Juliusberg (1872–1939) was a German dermatologist born in Breslau who first described pityriasis lichenoides chronica in 1899; he lost his license under the Nazis and died in Berlin in 1939.

Fritz Klein

Fritz Klein, born Fred Klein, was an Austrian-born American psychiatrist and bisexual activist who wrote The Bisexual Option and created the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid.

Fritz Lipmann

Fritz Lipmann (Fritz Albert Lipmann) was a German-born American biochemist who discovered coenzyme A in 1945 and shared the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, later teaching at Harvard and Rockefeller.

Fritz Melchers

Fritz Melchers (Georg Friedrich Melchers, 1936–2025) was a German immunologist who directed the Basel Institute for Immunology from 1980 to 2001 and discovered the surrogate light chain in B cell development.

Fritz Mietzsch

Fritz Mietzsch was a German chemist at IG Farben's Elberfeld works, later a Direktor at Bayer, who co-synthesized Prontosil in 1932 and helped prepare Atabrine, a quinine substitute.

Fritz R. Bühler

Fritz R. Bühler (1940–2017) was a Swiss cardiologist and hypertension researcher who built the hypertension division at University Hospital Basel and helped match blood-pressure drugs to patients.

Fritz Rottman

Fritz Rottman is an American molecular biologist who discovered the m6A modification of messenger RNA in 1974 and chaired a department at Case Western Reserve University.

Fritz Schaudinn

Fritz Schaudinn was a German zoologist who identified the cause of syphilis in 1905, proved an amoeba causes human dysentery, and named the malaria parasite's stages, dying at 34 from his own self-infection experiments.

Fritz Schønheyder

Fritz Schønheyder was a Danish physician and biochemist who, working with Henrik Dam, helped discover vitamin K in 1934 and later held the biochemistry chair at Aarhus University.

Fritz Thoma

Fritz Thoma is a molecular biologist known for decades of work on chromatin structure, nucleosome positioning, and DNA repair in yeast at ETH Zurich, including landmark papers in Cell.

Fritz Vollrath

Fritz Vollrath is an evolutionary biologist and Emeritus Professor of zoology at the University of Oxford, known for research on spider webs and silks and for co-founding Oxford Biomaterials.

Frog

Frogs (order Anura) are tailless amphibians comprising roughly 8,000 species, about 88% of all amphibian diversity, found on every continent except Antarctica and absent only from polar regions and deserts.

Frog antimicrobial peptide, caerin-type, Litoria

Caerin 1 peptides (caerin 1.1, 1.9) are 22-25-residue cationic antimicrobial peptides from Australian Litoria tree frog skin, two-helix hinge structure, membrane-disrupting antibiotics also studied as HIV inhibitors and cancer immunotherapy enhancers.

Frog legs

Frog legs, the hind limbs of frogs eaten as food, are a French and Asian delicacy supplied by a global wild-harvest trade worth about US$40 million yearly, dominated by Indonesia and consumed mainly in the EU, especially France.

FROG-ICU study

The FROG-ICU study was a French and Belgian observational cohort study following ICU survivors for one year, finding that 21% died and that discharge biomarkers predicted the risk.

FrogWatch

FrogWatch, also known as FrogWatch USA, is a family of citizen-science programs in which volunteers identify frogs and toads by their breeding calls at wetlands.

Frond

Frond: the leaf of a fern, a megaphyll with stipe, rachis, blade, pinnae, and pinnules; often pinnate to tripinnate, uncoiling from a fiddlehead, and bearing sori for spore reproduction.

Front of the Class

Front of the Class is a 2008 Hallmark Channel TV movie directed by Peter Werner, starring James Wolk as teacher Brad Cohen, whose Tourette syndrome did not stop him from winning a Georgia teaching award.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), a primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia first described by Kossard in 1994, causes progressive frontotemporal hairline recession and eyebrow loss, now the most common scarring alopecia worldwide, treated with 5-ARIs and potent topical steroids.

Frontal lobe

Frontal lobe: anterior lobe of each cerebral hemisphere containing primary motor cortex, Broca's area, and prefrontal cortex; supports movement, expressive language, and divided prefrontal functions, not disproportionately enlarged in humans versus apes.

Frontal lobe disorder

Frontal lobe disorder, often called frontal lobe syndrome, is an impairment of brain function from damage to the frontal lobes, causing disinhibition, personality change, and impaired judgment.

Frontofacionasal dysplasia

Frontofacionasal dysplasia (FFND), also called Gollop syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder marked by congenital craniofacial malformations including hypertelorism, midface underdevelopment, and cleft lip or palate.