72,234 articles
Full schwannomatosis
Full schwannomatosis is a rare, fully expressed form of neurofibromatosis marked by multiple benign nerve sheath tumors that usually spare the vestibular nerves and often cause severe chronic pain.
Full sternotomy
A full sternotomy is an operation in which the sternum is divided lengthwise in the midline, giving wide access to the heart and great vessels for open cardiac surgery.
Full-field electroretinography
Full-field electroretinography (ffERG) is a clinical electrophysiological test recording the whole retina's electrical response to light flashes, separating rod from cone function to diagnose retinal dystrophies.
Full-length cDNA sequencing
Full-length cDNA sequencing is a transcriptomic method that copies complete messenger RNA molecules into DNA and sequences each end to end, revealing isoforms, splice sites, and gene fusions.
Full-length transcriptome sequencing
Full-length transcriptome sequencing reads entire RNA transcript molecules end to end on long-read platforms such as PacBio Iso-Seq and Oxford Nanopore, determining complete isoform sequences directly.
Full-thickness resection
Full-thickness resection (FTR) is an endoscopic technique that removes a gastrointestinal lesion with all layers of the bowel or stomach wall, used for polyps and tumors that mucosal techniques cannot remove.
Fuller Albright
Fuller Albright (1900–1969) was an American endocrinologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard who built the modern clinical study of calcium metabolism and metabolic bone disease, coining postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Fuller W. Bazer
Fuller W. Bazer is an American animal scientist and reproductive biologist at Texas A&M who identified the pregnancy recognition signals in pigs and ruminants, winning the 2003 Wolf Prize.
Fullerene drug delivery
Fullerene drug delivery is the use of fullerene cages, most often the 60-carbon C60 buckyball, as nanoscale carriers that deliver drugs to target tissues, especially in combined chemo-photodynamic cancer therapy.
Fulmarus
Fulmarus is a genus of two tubenosed seabirds, the Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) of northern oceans and the Southern Fulmar (F. glacialoides) of the Southern Ocean; gull-like, stiff-winged, and key plastic-pollution biomonitors.
Fulminant viral hepatitis
Fulminant viral hepatitis is rapid, severe acute liver failure with encephalopathy developing within 8 weeks of jaundice, caused mainly by hepatitis B and also hepatitis A.
Fulranumab
Fulranumab (AMG 403, JNJ-42160443) is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody neutralizing nerve growth factor, developed by Janssen and Amgen for osteoarthritis and chronic pain; it reached phase 3 but was discontinued in 2016 after joint-safety concerns and assay artifacts.
Fulvestrant regimen
The fulvestrant regimen is a hormonal cancer treatment for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer, in which fulvestrant 500 mg is injected monthly, alone or combined with the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib.
Fulvous whistling duck
The fulvous whistling duck, or fulvous tree duck (Dendrocygna bicolor), is a tawny whistling duck found in warm wetlands across the Americas, Africa, and South Asia.
Fulzerasib (GFH925, IBI351)
Fulzerasib (GFH925, IBI351; Dupert, 达伯特) is an oral covalent KRAS G12C inhibitor from GenFleet/Innovent, approved by China's NMPA in August 2024 for previously treated advanced KRAS G12C-mutant NSCLC, with phase 2 ORR 49.1% and mPFS 9.7 months.
Fumarase
Fumarase (fumarate hydratase, EC 4.2.1.2, FH gene) is the TCA-cycle enzyme hydrating fumarate to L-malate; class I iron–sulfur and class II tetrameric forms exist, and FH loss causes fumarase deficiency and HLRCC kidney cancer.
Fumarase deficiency
Fumarase deficiency (fumarate hydratase deficiency, fumaric aciduria, FMRD) is a rare autosomal recessive Krebs cycle disorder from biallelic FH gene mutations, causing severe infantile encephalopathy, seizures, and developmental delay; carriers risk HLRCC tumors.
Fumarate reductase, subunit D
Fumarate reductase subunit D (FrdD, frdD gene) is the ~13 kDa hydrophobic membrane-anchor subunit of the E. coli frdABCD quinol:fumarate reductase complex; with FrdC it forms the four-helix-bundle membrane domain and quinone-binding site of anaerobic respiration.
Fumaria
Fumaria (fumitories, Erdrauch) is a genus of about 46-54 annual Papaveraceae herbs from Europe to India, with spurred irregular flowers, one-seeded nutlets, isoquinoline alkaloids such as protopine, and traditional medicinal use in Ayurveda, Unani, and European herbal medicine.
Fumaria officinalis
Fumaria officinalis (common fumitory, earth smoke) is an annual Papaveraceae herb native to Europe to the Caucasus, used medicinally; protopine is its main alkaloid and it has an EU herbal monograph.
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH, fumarylacetoacetase, EC 3.7.1.2) is the final enzyme of tyrosine catabolism, cleaving fumarylacetoacetate into fumarate and acetoacetate; its deficiency causes hereditary tyrosinemia type I.
Fumiaki Marumo
Fumiaki Marumo (丸茂 文昭) is a Japanese nephrologist at Tokyo Medical and Dental University known for showing that urinary aquaporin-2 excretion indexes vasopressin action on the kidney.
Fumigation
Fumigation is pest control using volatile gases (fumigants) that diffuse through enclosed spaces; key fumigants include sulfuryl fluoride, the primary residential structural fumigant, and methyl bromide, phased out in 2005 under the Montreal Protocol.
Fumimaro Takaku
Fumimaro Takaku (髙久 史麿) was a Japanese physician-scientist in hematology known for colony-stimulating factor trials and oncogene studies in myelodysplastic syndrome; he died in 2022.
Fumio Hanaoka
Fumio Hanaoka (花岡 文雄) is a Japanese molecular biologist whose 1999 identification of DNA polymerase η explained how cells bypass ultraviolet DNA damage, after professorships at Osaka University and RIKEN.
Fumio Imamoto
Fumio Imamoto (今本文男) is a Japanese molecular biologist known for work on the tryptophan operon, messenger RNA degradation, and transcription-translation coupling in E. coli.
Funambulus
Funambulus (palm squirrels), genus Lesson 1835 of striped diurnal tree squirrels in Sciuridae, Callosciurinae, tribe Funambulini; South Asian species include F. palmarum, F. pennantii, F. tristriatus, F. layardi, F. sublineatus, F. obscurus.
Funaria
Funaria is a genus of annual Funariaceae mosses (type species F. hygrometrica, bonfire moss), defined by a compound annulus, hygroscopic twisted seta, and double peristome; monophyletic sister to the Entosthodon-Physcomitrium complex.
Funariales
Funariales, an order of mosses (Bryopsida, Funariidae) with families Disceliaceae and Funariaceae; includes Funaria hygrometrica and Physcomitrella patens; marked by rapid radiation and sporophyte homoplasy.
Functional abdominal pain syndrome
Functional abdominal pain syndrome (FAPS), renamed centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome (CAPS) in Rome IV, is a chronic gut-brain interaction disorder with continuous abdominal pain unrelated to eating, defecation, or menses, lasting at least 6 months and limiting daily function.