72,234 articles
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (procedure)
Gastrointestinal endoscopy: endoscope-based visualization, biopsy, and treatment of the digestive tract. From Kussmaul's 1868 rigid gastroscope to fiberoptic, CCD video, and capsule endoscopes; over 7.4 million EGDs yearly in the US.
Gastrointestinal intubation
Gastrointestinal intubation is the passage of a flexible tube through the nose or mouth into the stomach or small intestine, used for enteral feeding, medication, or draining gastric contents.
Gastrointestinal perforation
Gastrointestinal perforation, also called bowel or digestive tract perforation, is a full-thickness defect in a hollow GI organ leaking contents into the peritoneum, causing peritonitis; treated with resuscitation, antibiotics, and urgent surgery.
Gastrointestinal stenting
Gastrointestinal stenting is an endoscopic or radiologic procedure in which a self-expanding metal tube holds open a narrowed digestive tract, used mainly to relieve malignant obstruction and, in selected colon cancer, as a bridge to surgery.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a sarcoma arising from interstitial cells of Cajal in the GI tract wall, driven by KIT or PDGFRA mutations, diagnosed via CD117/DOG1 staining, and treated with surgery plus imatinib and later TKIs.
Gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal): the tube from mouth to anus, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, that digests food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste, aided by liver, pancreas, gallbladder.
Gastrointestinal-irritant mushroom poisoning
Gastrointestinal-irritant mushroom poisoning is the most frequent form of mushroom poisoning, causing nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea that usually resolve within a day or two.
Gastrojejunostomy
Gastrojejunostomy is a surgical or endoscopic connection between the stomach and jejunum that bypasses the pylorus and duodenum, used for gastric outlet obstruction from ulcers, pancreatitis, or cancer, and as part of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Gastroparesis
Gastroparesis: chronic delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction, causing nausea, vomiting, and early satiety. Also called diabetic or idiopathic gastroparesis; diagnosed by >10% 4-hour retention on scintigraphy.
Gastropexy
Gastropexy is a surgical procedure that permanently attaches the stomach to the abdominal wall, used in dogs to prevent gastric dilatation–volvulus and in humans for gastric volvulus.
Gastroplasty
Gastroplasty is an operation that partitions the stomach into a small pouch, used for weight loss via Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG) or to lengthen a shortened esophagus.
Gastropod biostratigraphy and paleoecology
Gastropod biostratigraphy and paleoecology are two scientific uses of fossil snail assemblages: dating and correlating rock layers, and reconstructing the environments the snails lived in.
Gastropod egg masses and spawning
Gastropod egg masses and spawning is how female snails and slugs deposit eggs in gelatinous masses, capsules, or sand collars, forms that protect embryos from desiccation, predation, and temperature stress.
Gastropod embryogenesis
Gastropod embryogenesis is the development of a snail or slug embryo from fertilized egg to hatching, proceeding by spiral cleavage and studied chiefly in Crepidula, Ilyanassa, and Lymnaea.
Gastropod feeding ecology
Gastropod feeding ecology is the study of what snails and slugs eat and how they obtain it, covering grazing, suspension and deposit feeding, scavenging, and their food-web roles in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats.
Gastropod life-history and reproductive ecology
Gastropod life-history and reproductive ecology is the study of how sea snails and land snails reproduce, covering larval development modes, fecundity, spawning timing, larval dispersal, and lifespan differences among groups.
Gastropod life-history strategies
Gastropod life-history strategies are the combinations of growth rate, age at maturity, fecundity, and longevity a snail or slug expresses, spanning fast, high-output to slow, low-output lives.
Gastropod population and community ecology
Gastropod population and community ecology is the study of how snail and slug populations change in number and shape the plant and animal communities around them.
Gastropod predation strategies
Gastropod predation strategies are the methods carnivorous snails use to capture animal prey, including swallowing whole, apertural entry, drilling, and shell breakage, with naticid and muricid drilling a classic case of convergent evolution.
Gastropod reproductive system
The gastropod reproductive system is the set of organs that makes, transfers, and stores gametes in snails and slugs, including the ovotestis, penis, and love dart.
Gastropod shell
Gastropod shell: the spirally coiled calcium carbonate exoskeleton of snails, secreted by the mantle in three layers; typically right-handed logarithmic coiling, with over 20 structural types and 105,000 living species.
Gastropod symbioses and commensal relationships
Gastropod symbioses are close, long-term associations between snails, limpets, and their relatives and other organisms, including anemones on shells, hermit crab partnerships, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in vent snails.
Gastropod taxa described in the 2000s
Gastropod taxa described in the 2000s: snail and slug species named 2000-2009, amid molecular taxonomy, cryptic species discovery, the Bouchet & Rocroi 2005 classification, and deep-sea finds.
Gastropod zonation and habitat use
Gastropod zonation and habitat use describes how snails and limpets occupy environments along gradients of exposure, temperature, and chemistry, from rocky intertidal zones to hydrothermal vents.
Gastropoda
Gastropoda, the snails and slugs, is the most diverse mollusc class, about 90,000 living species, defined by torsion, a radula, and a muscular foot, ranging from Cambrian marine origins to land and fresh water.
Gastropods in biostratigraphic correlation
Gastropods in biostratigraphic correlation are a second-rank correlation tool, because most gastropod species last about 10 million years, so gastropod zones usually work within a basin rather than worldwide.
Gastropods of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps
Gastropods of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are the snails and limpets living on the deep-sea floor where chemically reduced fluids escape from the seabed.
Gastropods of the African Great Lakes
Freshwater gastropods of African Great Lakes include Paludomidae snails from Lake Tanganyika, harboring about 50 endemic species, whereas Lake Malawi's fauna is depauperate and has no endemic genera.
Gastroptosis
Gastroptosis (gastric prolapse, stomach ptosis), ICD-11 DA40.5: downward displacement of the stomach with the greater curvature below the iliac crest or in the pelvis. Described by Glénard 1833; mainly women 20-50; diagnosed by upright upper GI series; treated with prokinetics, exercises, bandages.
Gastroschisis
Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect, ICD-10 Q79.3, with a hole beside the umbilicus (usually right) and herniated bowel without a sac; US prevalence about 1 in 2,564 births, rising through 2012 then declining 2016-2024, survival 92-96%.