72,234 articles
Gentoo penguin
Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), third largest living penguin, breeding on sub-Antarctic islands and the Antarctic Peninsula; about 387,000 pairs, red-orange bill, inshore deep-diving forager, IUCN least concern with stable population.
Genu recurvatum
Genu recurvatum, abnormal knee hyperextension beyond 5 degrees, congenital or acquired from physeal arrest, trauma, or ligament laxity; treated by bracing, tibial osteotomy, or posterior soft tissue tensioning.
Genu valgum
Genu valgum (knock knees): inward angulation at the knee. Physiologic between ages 3-6, pathologic if persistent after 7; causes include rickets, dysplasias, trauma; treated by observation or guided growth.
Genu varum
Genu varum, or bowlegs, is an outward knee bowing. Usually a physiologic childhood variant resolving by age 2-3; pathologic forms, chiefly Blount disease, rickets, and dysplasias, need guided growth or osteotomy.
Genus
Genus (plural genera): taxonomic rank above species supplying the first word of binomial names like Homo sapiens; governed by ICZN/ICBN rules, type species, monophyly, and genomic microbial taxonomy.
Geoarchaeota
Geoarchaeota, or Candidatus Geoarchaeota, is a candidate phylum of archaea known only from metagenomic sequence data, first reconstructed from acidic iron-oxide mats in Yellowstone National Park in 2013.
Geobacillus
Geobacillus: genus of Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligately thermophilic bacteria (growth 37–75 °C, optimum 55–65 °C) established in 2001 from Bacillus group 5; source of thermostable enzymes, biofuel production, and dairy spoilage.
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Geobacillus stearothermophilus, formerly Bacillus stearothermophilus, is a thermophilic spore-forming bacterium growing at 55-65°C whose spores are the standard biological indicator for steam, hydrogen peroxide plasma, and peracetic acid sterilization.
Geobacter
Geobacter: anaerobic Gram-negative metal-reducing bacteria, model species G. sulfurreducens, that respire via extracellular electron transfer to iron oxides, electrodes, and other cells using multiheme cytochromes and conductive filaments; used in uranium bioremediation and bioelectrochemical systems.
Geochelone
Geochelone Fitzinger, 1835 is a tortoise genus now restricted to two South Asian star tortoises, G. elegans and G. platynota; formerly it grouped most large tortoises, later split into genera such as Chelonoidis and Centrochelys.
Geoduck
Geoduck (Panopea generosa), pronounced gooey-duck, is the world's largest burrowing clam, native from Alaska to Baja California, with a 3-foot siphon, 168-year lifespan, major Washington wild dive fishery and aquaculture, exported mainly to China.
Geoff Parker
Geoff Parker (Geoffrey Alan Parker), born 1944, is a British evolutionary biologist who pioneered sperm competition and sexual conflict theory, and is an emeritus professor at Liverpool.
Geoff Regan
Geoff Regan, Liberal MP for Halifax West, Nova Scotia (2000-2021), Speaker of the House of Commons 2015-2019, and Minister of Fisheries and Oceans 2003-2006 who released the Wild Salmon Policy and the Atlantic Coast fisheries policy framework.
Geoffrey A. Donnan
Geoffrey A. Donnan, also known as Geoffrey Donnan, is an Australian neurologist and stroke researcher who directed the Florey Institute and led the EXTEND stroke trials.
Geoffrey Burnstock
Geoffrey Burnstock (1929–2020) was a British-born neuroscientist and pharmacologist who discovered that ATP acts as a neurotransmitter, founded purinergic signaling, and headed anatomy at University College London.
Geoffrey C. Farrell
Geoffrey C. Farrell is an Australian hepatologist who established non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and drug-induced liver injury as major fields, authored the first book on NAFLD, and led liver research units at Westmead and Canberra hospitals.
Geoffrey C. Gurtner
Geoffrey C. Gurtner is an American plastic surgeon and wound-healing researcher known for work on mechanotransduction and scarring, and chair of surgery at the University of Arizona.
Geoffrey Chang
Geoffrey Chang is a structural biologist and professor at UC San Diego's Skaggs School of Pharmacy, known for x-ray structures of multidrug resistance transporters including P-glycoprotein and NorM.
Geoffrey Dusheiko
Geoffrey Dusheiko is a hepatologist and Emeritus Professor of Medicine at University College London, known for research on viral hepatitis B, C, and D and antiviral therapy.
Geoffrey Edelsten
Geoffrey Walter Edelsten (1943-2021), Australian medical entrepreneur and former GP, founder of Preventicare and 1980s bulk-billing superclinics, first private owner of the Sydney Swans, later deregistered, jailed, and bankrupted.
Geoffrey Hawtin
Geoffrey Hawtin is a British and Canadian agricultural scientist who shared the 2024 World Food Prize for preserving crop biodiversity and the Svalbard Global Seed Vault.
Geoffrey I. Shapiro
Geoffrey I. Shapiro is a physician-scientist in medical oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston and a Harvard Medical School professor who leads early-phase anticancer drug trials.
Geoffrey J. Barton
Geoffrey J. Barton, known as Geoff Barton, is a British bioinformatician who holds the Chair of Bioinformatics at the University of Dundee and created the Jalview and JPred tools.
Geoffrey J. Faulkner
Geoffrey J. Faulkner is an Australian molecular biologist who studies somatic retrotransposition, the movement of mobile DNA such as LINE-1 within the genomes of individual brain cells.
Geoffrey Keynes
Sir Geoffrey Langdon Keynes (1887–1982), English surgeon, brother of economist John Maynard Keynes; pioneer of blood transfusion, radium treatment of breast cancer, and thymectomy, and a leading bibliographer and book collector.
Geoffrey L. Greene
Geoffrey L. Greene, also known as Geoffrey Greene, is a University of Chicago cancer researcher who helped clone the human estrogen receptor and solved how tamoxifen blocks its action.
Geoffrey L. Smith
Geoffrey L. Smith is a virologist and professor at Oxford's Dunn School of Pathology, known for showing that vaccinia virus, the smallpox vaccine, evades immunity with secreted receptors.
Geoffrey M. Cooper
Geoffrey M. Cooper (born 1948) is an American molecular biologist, Professor Emeritus at Boston University, known for discovering oncogenes in human cancers and writing The Cell: A Molecular Approach.
Geoffrey M. Wahl
Geoffrey M. Wahl, also known as Geoffrey Wahl, is an American molecular biologist and cancer researcher at the Salk Institute, known for linking p53 to genetic stability.
Geoffrey Oxnard
Geoffrey Oxnard is an American thoracic oncologist and liquid-biopsy researcher who developed rapid blood-based EGFR genotyping at Dana-Farber and first described the C797S resistance mutation to osimertinib in 2015.