72,234 articles
Genetics of end-stage kidney disease
Genetics of end-stage kidney disease covers inherited variants that cause or accelerate progression to kidney failure: monogenic nephropathies, recessive APOL1 risk alleles, and polygenic risk, with genetic testing guidance.
Genetics of endometriosis
The genetics of endometriosis covers its inherited component: sisters of affected women carry over five times the risk, and twin studies attribute roughly half of disease liability to genes.
Genetics of orofacial clefts
The genetics of orofacial clefts is the study of inherited risk for cleft lip and palate, among the most common birth defects, affecting about 1 in 800 births.
Genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome
The genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) covers the inherited contribution to PCOS, a highly heritable endocrine condition in which genome-wide studies have mapped 29 risk loci.
Genetics of schizophrenia
The genetics of schizophrenia covers inherited risk in schizophrenia, a psychotic disorder whose heritability is roughly 60–80%, shaped by many common variants and rarer, higher-impact ones.
Genetics of urea cycle disorders
The genetics of urea cycle disorders involves eight genes encoding urea cycle enzymes and transporters; seven disorders are autosomal recessive, while OTC deficiency, the commonest, is X-linked.
Genetics research
Genetics research is the scientific study of how genes influence traits, including whether and how disease develops, and it identifies targets for therapy and explains variation in treatment response.
Geneva score
Geneva score (revised Geneva score, RGS): standardized 8-variable clinical decision rule from 2006 estimating pretest probability of pulmonary embolism; three tiers (0–3 low, 4–10 intermediate, ≥11 high); simplified 1-point-per-item version from 2008; AUC 0.693 versus Wells 0.778.
Geneviève Almouzni
Geneviève Almouzni, born 1960, is a French chromatin and epigenetics researcher at CNRS and the Institut Curie in Paris, elected to the Académie des sciences in 2013.
Genevieve B. Melton-Meaux
Genevieve B. Melton-Meaux is an American colon and rectal surgeon and informatics researcher at the University of Minnesota, elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2024.
Geneviève de Saint Basile
Geneviève de Saint Basile is a French immunologist at Inserm and Institut Imagine in Paris whose laboratory identified the genes responsible for familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, including perforin and Munc13-4.
Genevieve Konopka
Genevieve Konopka (Geneviève Konopka) is an American neuroscientist known for research on the genetics of human brain evolution, FOXP2, and autism, and chair of Neurobiology at UCLA.
Genhong Cheng
Genhong Cheng is an immunologist at UCLA, trained as a postdoctoral researcher with David Baltimore, known for defining how the TRAF3 protein controls antiviral interferon responses.
Genioplasty
Genioplasty is a surgical procedure that reshapes or repositions the chin by cutting the mandible and moving the freed bone segment, fixing it with plates or screws.
Genipa
Genipa is a Neotropical tree genus in Rubiaceae with three accepted species, chiefly Genipa americana (jagua, genipap), whose genipin-rich unripe fruit yields a natural blue dye used for body paint, jagua tattoos, and FDA-approved food coloring.
Genista
Genista (woadwaxen) is a Fabaceae genus of yellow-flowered brooms, tribe Genisteae, native from Macaronesia and Europe to the Caucasus, with about 145 accepted species, toxic quinolizidine alkaloids, and the historic dye plant G. tinctoria.
Genisteae
Genisteae (染料木族) is a legume tribe (Faboideae) of brooms, gorses, and lupins, about 25-26 genera and 550-570 species, defined by quinolizidine alkaloids and four major clades including Lupinus and the Cytisus-Genista complex.
Genistein
Genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) is a soy-derived isoflavone phytoestrogen that inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase and topoisomerase-II; first isolated from dyer's broom in 1899, studied for cardiometabolic, menopausal, bone, and anticancer effects.
Genital herpes
Genital herpes, caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2, is a lifelong STI with recurrent genital sores; about 520 million people have genital HSV-2. Treated with acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir; no vaccine exists.
Genital nullification
Genital nullification (nullo, eunuch procedure) is removal of external genitalia for a smooth, non-binary contour without neovagina or neophallus; sought for gender dysphoria, body integrity dysphoria, or non-sexual identity.
Genital stage
Genital stage: fifth and final stage of Freud's psychosexual development, from puberty on, when libido shifts to genital primacy and mature sexual interests; largely unsupported empirically.
Genital ulcer
Genital ulcer: an open sore on genital, anal, or perianal skin, usually caused by genital herpes or syphilis, less often chancroid, LGV, or donovanosis; diagnosis requires laboratory testing.
Genital wart
Genital warts (condyloma acuminata, anogenital warts) are benign HPV-caused growths of genital skin and mucosa, 90% from HPV types 6 or 11, treated by topical or ablative therapies and prevented by vaccination.
Genitopatellar syndrome
Genitopatellar syndrome (GPS, OMIM 606170), a rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder caused by de novo truncating KAT6B variants, marked by absent patellae, genital and renal anomalies, contractures, and agenesis of the corpus callosum.
Genitoplasty
Genitoplasty is a family of reconstructive operations on the external genitalia, performed mainly in pediatric urology for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and other differences of sex development.
Genitourinary system
Genitourinary (urogenital) system: the combined urinary organs (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra) and reproductive organs (gonads, genital ducts), sharing intermediate mesoderm origin; pronephros-mesonephros-metanephros development and CAKUT anomalies.
GENIUS trial
GENIUS trial (Genotyping Influences Outcome of Coronary Artery Stenting, NCT02707445): Korean multicenter registry of 5,000 PCI patients (2012–2014) linking CYP2C19 and P2Y12 genotypes to clopidogrel outcomes; distinct from GI Genius colonoscopy AI trials.
Gennaro Ciliberto
Gennaro Ciliberto is an Italian molecular oncologist known for interleukin-6 engineering and cancer immunotherapy, who directed the Pascale institute in Naples and the Regina Elena institute in Rome until 2025.
Gennaro De Libero
Gennaro De Libero is an immunologist known for his work on CD1- and MR1-restricted T cells and γδ T cells, and a professor at the University of Basel.
Gennosuke Fuse
Gennosuke Fuse (布施現之助, 1880–1946) was a Japanese anatomist and first professor of anatomy at Tohoku Imperial University, known for the Mikroskopischer Atlas des menschlichen Gehirns.