72,234 articles
Gossypium
Gossypium (cotton genus), Malvaceae tribe Gossypieae; 20–50 tropical species, four independently domesticated; G. hirsutum and G. barbadense supply ~98% of world cotton fiber.
Gossypium arboreum
Gossypium arboreum (tree cotton, Desi cotton), A2-genome diploid cotton native to India and Sri Lanka, domesticated in the Indus Valley before 6000 BC; genome 1,746 Mb, short 1.3–1.5 cm fibers, independently domesticated from G. herbaceum.
Gossypium barbadense
Gossypium barbadense, Sea Island, Egyptian, or Pima cotton, is a South American shrub domesticated near Guayaquil about 8,000 years ago, grown for extra-long-staple fiber longer, finer, and stronger than Upland cotton but lower yielding.
Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum, upland cotton, is the tetraploid species behind over 90% of world cotton, domesticated about 5,500 years ago on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula from wild perennial ancestors.
Gösta Forssell
Gösta Forssell (1876–1950) was a Swedish physician and radiologist who founded Radiumhemmet in Stockholm in 1910, coined the term behind brachytherapy, founded Acta Radiologica, and built Swedish radiotherapy.
Gösta Gahrton
Gösta Gahrton is a Swedish hematologist and professor emeritus at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, known for establishing allogeneic stem cell transplantation as a treatment for multiple myeloma.
Gösta Tibblin
Gösta Tibblin (1929–1997) was a Swedish physician and cardiovascular epidemiologist, a pioneer of the field in Sweden, best known for starting and leading the Men Born in 1913 study in Gothenburg.
Gotistobart
Gotistobart (ONC-392, BNT316) is a humanized pH-sensitive anti-CTLA-4 IgG1 monoclonal antibody from OncoC4 and BioNTech, in Phase 3 (PRESERVE-003) for squamous NSCLC, with median OS 18.5 vs 10.0 months versus docetaxel.
GOTO
GOTO (CVCL_1234, JCRB0612) is a human neuroblastoma cell line established in 1979 from an adrenal tumor of a Japanese male infant; fibroblast-like, ~48-hour doubling, NRAS Q61L mutant, used in differentiation, radiation, and drug studies.
Gottfried Fraenkel
Gottfried Fraenkel (1901–1984) was a German-born entomologist and insect physiologist, professor at the University of Illinois, known for insect nutrition, the hormone bursicon, and founding chemical ecology.
Gottfried Schatz
Gottfried Schatz (1936–2015) was an Austrian-born biochemist who co-discovered mitochondrial DNA in 1964, worked out how proteins are imported into mitochondria, and taught at the University of Basel.
Gotthilft Studnitz
Gotthilft von Studnitz (1908–1994) was a German physician, physiologist, and zoologist known for research on retinal vision processes and a professorship at the University of Halle.
Gottlieb Burckhardt
Gottlieb Burckhardt (1836–1907) was a Swiss psychiatrist who, as director of the Préfargier asylum, performed the first psychosurgical operations on six patients between 1888 and 1890, decades before the leucotomy.
Gou Young Koh
Gou Young Koh (고유영) is a South Korean physician-scientist in vascular biology who directs the IBS Center for Vascular Research and is a distinguished professor at KAIST in Daejeon.
Gouldian finch
Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae, Lady Gouldian finch, rainbow finch): colorful Australian grassfinch with black, red, or yellow head morphs; nests only in tree hollows; Endangered under EPBC Act, IUCN Least Concern since 2022.
Goura
Goura (crowned pigeons), genus Goura Stephens 1819, Columbidae; four large ground-dwelling pigeon species endemic to New Guinea lowlands, including the Victoria crowned pigeon, the largest living pigeon; threatened by logging and hunting.
Gourami
Gourami, or gouramies (Osphronemidae), freshwater labyrinth fishes of Asia and Africa with an air-breathing labyrinth organ; includes dwarf, pearl, honey, blue, and giant gouramis, bubble nesters and mouthbrooders popular in the aquarium trade.
Gourd
Gourd: hard-shelled Cucurbitaceae fruits, mainly Cucurbita and Lagenaria (bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria). Among the oldest domesticated plants, used as containers, utensils, instruments; bitter fruits contain toxic cucurbitacins.
Gourisankar Ghosh
Gourisankar Ghosh is an Indian-born American structural biologist and professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UC San Diego, known for landmark crystal structures of the transcription factor NF-κB.
Gout
Gout: inflammatory arthritis from monosodium urate crystal deposition due to hyperuricemia; flares of severe joint pain (often the big toe), tophi, treated with colchicine, NSAIDs, and urate-lowering drugs like allopurinol.
Governing Board
Governing board (also governing body): the group holding legal authority over a health care institution, responsible for strategy, oversight of management, quality of care, and compliance, assessed through board self-assessment and benchmarking.
Government cheese
Government cheese: USDA-purchased American cheese distributed to low-income Americans, iconic 1980s 5-pound blocks from dairy price support surpluses; TEFAP distribution, 2014 Farm Act repeal, 2016 $20 million buyback.
Government General Hospital
Government General Hospital (Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital), Chennai: public teaching hospital founded 16 November 1664 for East India Company soldiers, attached to Madras Medical College since 1835, treating about 12,000 patients daily.
Government Regulation
Government regulation is the exercise of governmental authority to control conduct, covering the rules governments issue, the agencies that enforce them, and the procedures that hold both to account.
Govorestat
Govorestat (AT-007), also known as Nugalviq in Europe, is an investigational CNS-penetrant aldose reductase inhibitor by Applied Therapeutics for galactosemia, SORD deficiency, and PMM2-CDG; FDA CRL November 2024, EU application withdrawn, studies halted April 2026.
Gozetotide
Gozetotide (PSMA-11) is a peptide radioactive diagnostic agent labeled with gallium-68 for PET imaging of PSMA-positive prostate cancer lesions; sold as Illuccix, Locametz, and GOZELLIX, and used to select patients for Pluvicto radioligand therapy.
GP1BA
GP1BA (glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha, CD42b) is a chromosome 17p13.2 gene encoding GPIbα, the VWF-binding subunit of the platelet GPIb-IX-V receptor; biallelic mutations cause Bernard-Soulier syndrome, gain-of-function mutations cause platelet-type von Willebrand disease.
Gp22-like
Gp22-like (InterPro IPR049298; superfamily IPR049300) is a protein family defined by gp22 of Bacillus subtilis phage SPP1, a 146-residue all-beta pseudo-beta-sandwich tail protein with no sequence homologs, classified structurally with the lactococcal phage p2 receptor-binding protein shoulder domain.
Gp33 protein
Gp33 protein (gene 33 product, T4 late transcription coactivator, UniProt P13338): 112-aa bacteriophage T4 protein binding RNAP beta-flap and gp45 sliding clamp, coactivating and repressing late transcription; distinct from phiKMV, SPP1, SPO1, and GPCMV gp33 proteins.
Gp37/putative cytoplasmic protein STM4215
Gp37, also annotated as the putative cytoplasmic protein STM4215, is a Salmonella typhimurium protein encoded in a prophage region and proposed to be a Myoviridae tail tube terminator protein.