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Gp41
Gp41 is the name of several unrelated viral proteins, chiefly the HIV-1 envelope fusion protein that lets HIV and SIV enter cells, also used for SPO1 phage and baculovirus proteins.
Gp42
Gp42 (gene product 42) is a phage gene numbering label, not one protein: it names unrelated products such as Remus tail protein, phiCbK portal protein, Mu tape measure protein, Ar-KM ejection protein, LUZ19 terminase subunit, and MooMoo repressor.
Gp53
Gp53 is a phage gene-product number reused across unrelated bacteriophages: lysin B in Marvin, transcription factor in ΦPA1019, major tail protein in 80α, endolysin in Phi11, ChmA in ΦPA3.
Gp68-like predicted RNA polymerase component
Gp68-like predicted RNA polymerase component: gp68, the fifth sigma-factor-like subunit of the bacteriophage PhiKZ non-virion RNA polymerase, required for enzyme assembly and DNA binding, with homologs in phiKZ-group phages and AR9 gp226.
Gp73
Gp73, written GP73 and encoded by the GOLM1 (GOLPH2) gene, is a human Golgi membrane protein of 400 amino acids studied as a liver-disease biomarker; in bacteriophages, gp73 names unrelated gene-73 products.
Gp82
Gp82, or gene product 82, names several phage proteins; best known is Phaedrus gp82, a cytotoxic mycobacteriophage protein with base and wing domains that inhibits M. smegmatis growth by binding and reducing the host ATPase MoxR.
Gp85
Gp85 (PhiKZ_gp85, PHIKZ_p85) is the vertex-binding protein of jumbo phage phiKZ of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; a homodimer that, with gp28 and gp119, stabilizes the capsid vertex. Distinct from gp85 genes in phages Bxb1 and Drago.
GPBAR1
GPBAR1 (TGR5, M-BAR, GPR131), human G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1, UniProt Q8TDU6, 330 aa, chromosome 2q35. Gs-coupled cAMP-raising bile acid receptor driving GLP-1 secretion, thermogenesis, and biliary bicarbonate secretion.
GPC3
GPC3 (glypican 3, OCI-5, MXR7, SGBS1) is an Xq26.2 gene encoding a GPI-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan that inhibits hedgehog signaling; loss causes Simpson-Golabi-Behmel overgrowth syndrome, and re-expression marks hepatocellular carcinoma, where GPC3 is a biomarker and immunotherapy target.
GPCR fungal pheromone mating factor, STE2
STE2 (Ste2) is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-cell GPCR receptor for the 13-residue alpha-factor mating pheromone; a 431-aa 7-transmembrane class D fungal pheromone receptor, structurally solved by cryo-EM (PDB 7AD3), distinct from the unrelated a-factor receptor Ste3.
GPCR fungal pheromone mating factor, STE3
STE3 is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding Ste3, the G-protein-coupled receptor for the mating pheromone a-factor on MATα cells, identified in 1986 and required for mating.
GPER1
GPER1 (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1), formerly GPR30, is a seven-transmembrane GPCR at 7p22.3 that binds 17β-estradiol, mediates rapid non-genomic estrogen signaling via cAMP, calcium, and EGFR transactivation, and is a cancer drug target.
GPI transamidase component Gaa1
GPI transamidase component Gaa1 (GAA1 in yeast, GPAA1 in humans) is an essential ER membrane protein, part of the enzyme complex that attaches GPI lipid anchors to cell surface proteins.
GPNMB
GPNMB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B; osteoactivin, DC-HIL, HGFIN) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein at 7p15.3, overexpressed in TNBC and melanoma, targeted by glembatumumab vedotin.
GPR domain
The GPR domain, short for gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase, is a conserved protein domain in aldehyde dehydrogenase families 18 and 19 that catalyzes the second step of proline biosynthesis.
GpR2 study
GpR2 (Gastroparesis Registry 2, NCT01696747) was an NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium observational cohort of 506 adults with diabetic, idiopathic, or post-Nissen gastroparesis, enrolled 2012-2018 with biospecimen banking and data now in the NIDDK Central Repository.
GPR55
GPR55 (LPIR1), a human GPCR at 2q37 cloned in 1999, is activated by lysophosphatidylinositol, couples to Gα13/RhoA, and was proposed but not accepted as the third cannabinoid receptor CB3.
GPX1
GPX1 (glutathione peroxidase 1, HGNC:4553, Gene ID 2876) is a human protein-coding gene at 3p21.31 encoding the first identified mammalian selenoprotein, a tetrameric cytosolic and mitochondrial enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide using glutathione.
GPX3
GPX3 (glutathione peroxidase 3, plasma or extracellular GPx, GPx-P) is the only extracellular, secreted selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase, a plasma homotetramer made mainly by kidney proximal tubule, linked to stroke risk and cancer methylation.
GPX4
GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4, PHGPx) is a selenocysteine enzyme on human chromosome 19p13.3, the only mammalian enzyme that reduces membrane lipid hydroperoxides and the primary inhibitor of ferroptosis.
GQ1010 (TROP2 ADC)
GQ1010 (GQ-1010; PBI-410, BHV-1510) is a next-generation TROP2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate by GeneQuantum Healthcare using iLDC conjugation, an open-ring linker, and TopoIx camptothecin payload; licensed ex-Greater China to Pyramid Biosciences in 2023 for up to $1 billion, now in phase I/II trials.
GR1803
GR1803 (velinotamig, weliteitumab, 维可妥) is a BCMA×CD3 bispecific T-cell engager by Chongqing Genrix Biopharmaceutical, conditionally NMPA-approved August 2026 for heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, licensed to Fosun's Yaoyou and Cullinan Therapeutics.
Grace M. Lee
Grace M. Lee is a pediatric infectious diseases physician and Stanford's Chief Quality Officer, best known as chair of the CDC's vaccine advisory committee (ACIP) during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout.
GRACE risk score
The GRACE risk score is a clinical prediction tool estimating the risk of death in acute coronary syndrome, used to select high-risk patients for early invasive treatment.
GRACILE syndrome
GRACILE syndrome (Fellman disease), a lethal Finnish neonatal mitochondrial disorder from BCS1L mutations, causes growth restriction, aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, lactic acidosis, and death within months.
Gracilinanus
Gracilinanus, the gracile mouse opossums, is a genus of small South American didelphid marsupials named by Gardner and Creighton in 1989, with seven recognized species including G. agilis and G. microtarsus, sister to Cryptonanus.
Gracilis muscle
Gracilis muscle (musculus gracilis): slender medial-thigh adductor crossing hip and knee, inserting via pes anserinus, obturator nerve L2-L3; used for ACL grafts and reconstructive flaps.
Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae, leaf blotch miner moths or leafminer moths, is a cosmopolitan family of microlepidopteran moths whose larvae mine leaves, stems, and fruits; nearly 2,000 species in 105 genera, eight subfamilies, mid-Cretaceous origin, many agricultural pests.
Gracula
Gracula is a genus of glossy-black starlings in the family Sturnidae, known as hill mynas, native to South and Southeast Asia and famous as mimics of human speech.
GRADE trial
GRADE trial (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes) was a US comparative effectiveness study randomizing 5,047 metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients to glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin; glargine and liraglutide best maintained HbA1c targets.