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Graham Thornicroft
Graham Thornicroft is a British community psychiatrist and Emeritus Professor at King's College London, known for research on mental illness stigma and co-chairing the 2022 Lancet Commission on ending stigma.
Graham Warren
Graham Warren (born 1948) is a British cell biologist known for his work on the organization, mitotic disassembly, and inheritance of the Golgi apparatus, and a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Grahani Kapata Rasa
Kapata rasa (Grahani kapata rasa) is a herbo-mineral Ayurvedic pill of Rasashastra containing purified mercury and sulphur, used for grahani roga (malabsorption syndrome); distinct from the unrelated Maluku oral tradition called kapata.
Grahanimihira Taila
Grahanimihira Taila is a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal sesame-oil preparation listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, taken internally chiefly for grahani, the malabsorption syndrome, and diarrhea.
Grain
Grain: edible seed of cereal grasses (wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum, oats, millet, rye), a caryopsis fruit of bran, endosperm, and germ. Staple food and feed crop; 2026 world cereal output forecast at 2,979 million tonnes.
Grain entrapment
Grain entrapment, or grain engulfment, is suffocation hazard in bins and silos when flowing, bridged, or collapsing grain buries a worker; kills nearly two dozen people yearly in the U.S., regulated by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.272.
Grallaria
Grallaria (Vieillot, 1816) is the largest genus of antpittas, family Grallariidae: terrestrial Andean understorey insectivores, center of diversity Colombia to Peru, with the G. rufula complex split into 16 species.
Gram stain
Gram stain: differential bacteriological stain devised by Hans Christian Joachim Gram in Berlin, 1884. Crystal violet, iodine, decolorizer, and safranin classify bacteria as Gram-positive (purple) or Gram-negative (pink) by cell wall thickness.
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan wall and an LPS-containing outer membrane, so they stain pink in the Gram stain and resist many antibiotics via porins, efflux pumps, and LPS modifications.
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that retain crystal violet in the Gram stain and appear purple, defined by a thick 30-100 nm peptidoglycan wall, teichoic acids, and no outer membrane; examples include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, with MRSA and VRE as key resistant threats.
Gramicidin
Gramicidin, a membrane-channel peptide antibiotic from Bacillus brevis discovered by René Dubos in 1939, was the first clinically tested antibiotic; topical use only due to hemolytic toxicity. Distinct from Soviet gramicidin S.
Gramicidin A
Gramicidin A is a 15-residue linear peptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus brevis that kills Gram-positive bacteria by forming ion channels in membranes, and is used only topically.
Graminicola
Graminicola is a genus of grassbirds in the babbler family Pellorneidae, erected by Jerdon in 1863 with the Indian Grassbird as type; it holds two species, G. bengalensis and G. striatus, the Chinese Grassbird.
Grammitidoideae
Grammitidoideae, formerly treated as the family Grammitidaceae, is a subfamily of Polypodiaceae of small mostly epiphytic ferns of tropical montane forests, with about 911 species in 33 genera.
Grammitis
Grammitis Sw. (1801) is a fern genus in Polypodiaceae, type species G. marginella; strict-sense Grammitis has black leaf margins and occurs in the Americas, Africa, and Western Indian Ocean islands, while broad-sense treatments list hundreds of species now split into new genera.
Grammoceras
Grammoceras is an extinct Toarcian (Early Jurassic) ammonite genus in Hildoceratidae, subfamily Grammoceratinae, established by Hyatt in 1867; its species G. thouarsense names a standard upper Toarcian ammonite zone.
Granary
Granary: a grain storehouse, from Latin granaria; covers farm bins, silos, warehouses, and hermetic bags. Safe storage requires low moisture (below about 12%), cool temperatures, and protection from insects, rodents, birds, and water.
Grand Central Oyster Bar & Restaurant
Grand Central Oyster Bar & Restaurant, opened 1913 on the lower level of Grand Central Terminal, NYC, is a 440-seat seafood landmark with Guastavino tile vaults, a Whispering Gallery, up to 30 oyster varieties, pan roasts, and 100 percent employee ownership since 2012.
Grandiose delusion
Grandiose delusion, also called delusion of grandeur, is a psychotic false belief of inflated worth or exceptional identity, occurring in about two-thirds of bipolar and half of schizophrenia patients, coded ICD-11 MB26.05.
Grandiosity
Grandiosity: inflated sense of superiority, importance, or power; a defining trait of narcissistic personality disorder (DSM-5-TR) and, as grandiose delusions, a psychotic symptom common in bipolar mania and schizophrenia.
Graneledone boreopacifica
Graneledone boreopacifica (ghost octopus, ホクヨウイボダコ), a North Pacific deep-sea octopus of Octopodidae, lives at 1000-3000 m and holds the animal record for egg brooding: 53 months in Monterey Canyon.
Grange syndrome
Grange syndrome (Grange occlusive arterial syndrome, OMIM 602531) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive YY1AP1 disorder with childhood-onset multifocal renal, cerebral, abdominal, and coronary artery stenosis, hypertension, brachysyndactyly, bone fragility, and congenital heart defects.
Granisetron
Granisetron is a first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist antiemetic (brand Kytril, Sustol) used to prevent chemotherapy-, radiotherapy-, and surgery-induced nausea and vomiting; FDA-approved since 1993, with tablet, injection, transdermal, and extended-release forms.
Granny (orca)
Granny (J2) was the matriarch of J pod of the endangered Southern Resident killer whales, last seen October 12, 2016 and presumed dead December 31, 2016; her famous 105-year age estimate was later revised to roughly 65-85 years.
Granny Smith
Granny Smith: bright-green, tart apple cultivar from an 1868 chance seedling found by Maria Ann Smith at Ryde, Sydney; late-maturing, high-acid, long-storing, prone to scald, a top US and EU variety.
Granola
Granola: baked breakfast food of oats, nuts, seeds, dried fruit, oil, and sweeteners such as honey or maple syrup, forming crunchy clusters. Invented as Granula by James Caleb Jackson (1863); distinct from raw muesli and pressed granola bars.
Grant A. McArthur
Grant A. McArthur is an Australian medical oncologist and melanoma researcher at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre who led the BRIM-3 and coBRIM trials establishing vemurafenib and cobimetinib.
Grant D. Huang
Grant D. Huang (Grant Huang) is an American clinical trials researcher who has been Acting Chief Research and Development Officer at the Department of Veterans Affairs since February 2025.
Grant Guilford
Grant Guilford, born William Grant Guilford, is a New Zealand veterinarian and university administrator who was Vice-Chancellor of Victoria University of Wellington from 2014 to 2022.
Grant J. Anhalt
Grant J. Anhalt is a physician-scientist and professor of dermatology at Johns Hopkins, known for the 1982 experiment proving pemphigus autoantibodies are pathogenic and for defining paraneoplastic pemphigus.