Life and health

Herbier (DAKAR)

Herbier DAKAR is the herbarium of UCAD's Department of Plant Biology in Dakar, Senegal, founded 1960 by Professor J. Miege to hold a representative collection of Senegal's flora, alongside the older IFAN herbarium.

Herbier (OUA)

Herbier (OUA) is the herbarium of the University of Ouagadougou, now Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso; founded from Sita Guinko's 1975 work, about 12,000 specimens, digitized in BRAHMS, base for the national flora catalogue.

Herbier (UQAR)

Herbier Jean-Faubert, the herbarium of Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), founded 1970 from abbé A.A. DeChamplain's donated collection; over 7,000 vascular plant specimens documenting southeastern Quebec and Gaspé flora, named for bryologist Jean Faubert in 2019.

Herbivore

Herbivore: an animal specializing on primary producers (plants), unlike carnivores and omnivores. Defined by plant-based diet, microbial fermentation of cellulose in foregut or hindgut, and major ecosystem roles.

Herbivore-induced plant terpene synthases

Herbivore-induced plant terpene synthases are plant enzymes switched on by insect feeding, causing emission of volatile terpenes that attract predators and parasitoids and repel herbivores.

HERC2

HERC2 (HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2), chromosome 15 gene encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase; its enhancer SNP rs12913832 regulates OCA2 and is the main determinant of European blue versus brown eye color.

Hercules beetle

Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules), a giant rhinoceros beetle of Central and South American rainforests; males bear plier-like head and thoracic horns, and its elytra shift yellow to black with humidity.

Herd immunity

Herd immunity, also called community or indirect protection, occurs when enough of a population is immune, by vaccination or infection, that transmission chains break. Threshold is 1 − 1/R0; measles needs about 95% coverage, polio about 80%.

Herding dog

Herding dog: livestock-controlling breeds such as the Border Collie, Kelpie, and Australian Shepherd; first formal sheepdog trial 1873 in Wales, ISDS founded 1906; heading versus tending styles, genomic evidence of behavioral adaptation, and FCI/AKC trial systems.

Hereditary amyloidosis with primary renal involvement

Hereditary amyloidosis with primary renal involvement (familial renal amyloidosis, Ostertag type, ORPHA:85450) is a group of rare autosomal dominant amyloidoses, subtypes AApoAI, AApoAII, AFib, and ALys, causing proteinuria and progressive renal failure.

Hereditary angioedema

Hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare autosomal dominant disorder (~1 in 50,000) of recurrent bradykinin-mediated swelling attacks, usually from C1 inhibitor deficiency (SERPING1); treated with on-demand agents like icatibant and prophylactics like lanadelumab, garadacimab, and donidalorsen.

Hereditary angioedema with C1Inh deficiency

Hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1-INH, types I and II) is a SERPING1-related genetic disorder causing bradykinin-mediated swelling attacks, treated with C1-INH concentrate, icatibant, ecallantide, or sebetralstat.

Hereditary angioedema with normal C1Inh

Hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor (HAE-nC1INH), formerly HAE type III, is a bradykinin-mediated hereditary angioedema first described in 2000, with normal C1INH levels, genetic subtypes HAE-FXII, PLG, KNG1, ANGPT1, MYOF, HS3ST6, and expert-opinion-based treatment.

Hereditary arterial and articular multiple calcification syndrome

Hereditary arterial and articular multiple calcification syndrome (CALJA, ACDC) is an autosomal recessive NT5E (CD73 deficiency) disorder causing adult-onset calcification of lower-limb arteries and hand and foot joint capsules, with claudication and early arthritis.

Hereditary atrial fibrillation

Hereditary atrial fibrillation, also called familial or early-onset AF, is atrial fibrillation driven by inherited variants, from monogenic KCNQ1, SCN5A, TTN, and LMNA mutations to polygenic risk, with 2023 guideline Class IIb genetic testing for onset before age 45.

Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis

Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis (ATTRv, hATTR) is a rare autosomal dominant TTR gene disease causing misfolded transthyretin amyloid deposits in nerves and heart, treated with stabilizers and gene-silencing drugs.

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis, or HBID, is a rare inherited disorder causing white plaques on the conjunctiva and mouth, first described in the Haliwa-Saponi tribe of North Carolina in 1960.

Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome

Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), ORPHA:145, is an autosomal dominant cancer-predisposition condition mainly from BRCA1/BRCA2 germline pathogenic variants, also involving PALB2, ATM, CHEK2, RAD51C/D, and BRIP1, raising breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer risk.

Hereditary butyrylcholinesterase deficiency

Hereditary butyrylcholinesterase deficiency (pseudocholinesterase deficiency), an autosomal recessive BCHE disorder on chromosome 3q26, causes prolonged apnea after succinylcholine or mivacurium; managed with ventilation, no specific treatment.

Hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy (HCHWA), including Dutch-type APP and Icelandic-type CST3 (HCCAA) disease, is a rare autosomal dominant cerebral small vessel disease causing recurrent lobar hemorrhages, seizures, and progressive dementia in adults under 55.

Hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC, familial ccRCC, OMIM 144700) is inherited kidney cancer with clear-cell histology, mainly via VHL, chromosome 3 translocation, BAP1, or PTEN syndromes; 5-8% of RCC, median onset age 37.

Hereditary combined deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors

Hereditary combined deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (VKCFD), also called hereditary combined deficiency of factors II, VII, IX and X, is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder from GGCX or VKORC1 mutations, treated with vitamin K and prothrombin complex concentrate.

Hereditary coproporphyria

Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) is a rare autosomal dominant acute hepatic porphyria caused by CPOX enzyme deficiency, causing neurovisceral attacks, rare skin lesions, low penetrance, and treatment with hemin.

Hereditary cryohydrocytosis with reduced stomatin

Hereditary cryohydrocytosis with reduced stomatin (sdCHC, ORPHA:168577) is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant SLC2A1/GLUT1 disorder with cold-induced red cell cation leak, hemolytic anemia, pseudohyperkalemia, cataracts, seizures, and hepatosplenomegaly.

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), an autosomal dominant syndrome mainly from germline CDH1 (E-cadherin) mutations, causing diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer; managed by prophylactic gastrectomy, endoscopic surveillance, and breast screening.

Hereditary elliptocytosis

Hereditary elliptocytosis (hereditary ovalocytosis), an inherited red cell membrane disorder from SPTA1, SPTB, or EPB41 mutations causing elliptical red blood cells; mostly asymptomatic, malaria-associated, severe variant HPP.

Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma-tendon contractures-myopathy-pulmonary fibrosis syndrome

POIKTMP syndrome, hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma with tendon contractures, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis, is a rare autosomal dominant FAM111B disorder with infantile facial poikiloderma, sparse hair, hypohidrosis, contractures, muscle weakness, and adult pulmonary fibrosis.

Hereditary folate malabsorption

Hereditary folate malabsorption (congenital folate malabsorption, OMIM 229050) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder from SLC46A1/PCFT loss of function, causing megaloblastic anemia, immune deficiency, seizures, and very low CSF folate, treated with intramuscular folinic acid.

Hereditary fructose intolerance

Hereditary fructose intolerance is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by aldolase B deficiency, in which eating fructose, sucrose, or sorbitol causes vomiting, hypoglycemia, and liver damage.