165 articles
Nickel cobalt oxide
Nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo₂O₄), also called nickel cobaltite, is a mixed-valence inverse-spinel p-type semiconductor that conducts far better than NiO or Co₃O₄ and is widely studied for oxygen evolution electrocatalysis and supercapacitors.
Nickel ferrite
Nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) is a ferrimagnetic inverse spinel ceramic compound with high permeability, low magnetic losses, and high electrical resistivity, used in soft magnets, microwave absorption, catalysis, and energy storage.
Nickel oxyhydroxide
Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) is a nickel compound formed when nickel hydroxide is oxidized, best known as the active material in nickel battery electrodes and water-splitting catalysts.
Nickel(II) oxide
Nickel(II) oxide, also known as nickel monoxide or green nickel oxide, is a green-to-black inorganic compound of nickel and oxygen with the formula NiO, used in pigments, smart windows, and solar cells.
NiCo2O4 spinel OER catalyst
NiCo2O4 spinel OER catalyst refers to nickel cobaltite, a nickel–cobalt spinel oxide used as a non-noble-metal electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction, the bottleneck step of water electrolysis.
Niobium oxide
Niobium oxide refers to compounds of niobium and oxygen, from NbO to Nb₂O₅ and mixed oxides, among the most studied fast-charging lithium-ion battery anode materials since the early 2010s.
Niobium pentoxide
Niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅), also called niobium(V) oxide, is a white, water-insoluble solid and the most stable compound of niobium, with over 15 crystalline phases and uses in lithium-ion batteries, optical glass, and capacitors.
Nitric acid
Nitric acid (HNO₃), also known as aqua fortis, is a strong, fuming mineral acid produced by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, used chiefly in fertilizers and explosives.
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (NO) is a colorless diatomic gas and free radical that regulates blood vessel tone and is the first step of nitric acid production.
Nitrite
Nitrite (NO2−) is the nitrogen oxoanion, the conjugate base of nitrous acid, formed in the nitrogen cycle and used as sodium and potassium salts to cure meat.
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a reddish-brown, highly reactive toxic gas among the nitrogen oxides, formed in vehicle and power-plant combustion and responsible for initiating ground-level ozone formation.
Nitrous acid
Nitrous acid (HNO₂, HONO) is a weak, unstable nitrogen acid that exists only in solution or gas, used in diazotization and driving atmospheric hydroxyl radical formation.
Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, is a colorless gas used as a dental anesthetic, a food propellant, and the third most important greenhouse gas.
Nitroxyl
Nitroxyl (HNO), also called nitrosyl hydride or hydrogen oxonitrate, is a highly reactive, ephemeral molecule related to nitric oxide that exists only transiently in solution.
Osmium tetroxide
Osmium tetroxide (OsO4), also called osmic acid, is a volatile, highly poisonous oxide of osmium used as a fixative and stain in electron microscopy and as a reagent for cis-dihydroxylation of alkenes.
Oxide
An oxide is a binary chemical compound of oxygen with only one other element, such as CO₂ or H₂O, classified as acidic, basic, amphoteric, or neutral.
Oxide classification
Oxide classification is the sorting of oxides, binary compounds of oxygen with another element, into acidic, basic, amphoteric, and neutral families, with further categories for peroxides, superoxides, and mixed oxides.
Oxide scale
Oxide scale is the layer of iron oxides, chiefly wüstite, magnetite, and hematite, that forms on iron and steel at high temperature, especially during hot rolling.
Oxonium
Oxonium is the positively charged ion with a trivalent oxygen atom, whose parent member H3O+, the hydronium ion, forms in all acidic aqueous solutions.
Ozone
Ozone (O₃), also called trioxygen, is a gas of three oxygen atoms that shields Earth from ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere but is a toxic pollutant at ground level.
Permanganate
Permanganate (MnO4−) is a tetrahedral manganese(VII) anion and strong oxidizer, known for its deep purple color and its use in water treatment, most familiar as potassium permanganate.
Peroxynitrite
Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) is a short-lived, reactive biological oxidant formed by the rapid reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide, and it induces cell death in vascular disease, inflammation, and neurodegeneration.
Pertechnetate
Pertechnetate is the monovalent anion TcO₄⁻, the oxyanion of technetium in its +7 oxidation state, best known as the form in which technetium-99m is administered for thyroid scintigraphy.
Phosphomolybdic acid
Phosphomolybdic acid, also called molybdophosphoric acid or dodecamolybdophosphoric acid, is a Keggin-type heteropoly acid with the formula H₃[PMo₁₂O₄₀], used as a TLC stain, histology mordant, and catalyst.
Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid, is an inorganic acid with formula H₃PO₄, commonly sold as an 85% solution and used mainly in phosphate fertilizer, with food and water treatment among its other uses.
Phosphorus pentoxide
Phosphorus pentoxide, also known as phosphoric anhydride, is a white, hygroscopic oxide of phosphorus with the molecular formula P4O10, made by burning phosphorus in dry air and used as a powerful drying and dehydrating agent.
Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production from water and oxygen
Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production from water and oxygen is an artificial photosynthesis process that uses sunlight and a semiconductor photocatalyst to make hydrogen peroxide, a sustainable alternative to the anthraquinone process.
Piranha solution
Piranha solution, also known as piranha etch or SPM clean, is a reactive mix of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide used to strip organic residues from silicon wafers.
Platinum dioxide
Platinum dioxide (PtO₂), also called platinum(IV) oxide or platinic oxide, is a dark brown solid best known as Adams' catalyst, used since 1922 to hydrogenate alkenes, ketones, and arenes.
Plutonium dioxide
Plutonium dioxide (PuO₂), also called plutonium(IV) dioxide, is the tetravalent oxide of plutonium, a refractory ceramic used as MOX fuel and in spacecraft power systems.