90 articles
Dimethyl isosorbide
Dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) is a high-boiling dipolar aprotic solvent derived from the plant sugar sorbitol, promoted as a bio-based replacement for the reproductive-toxic solvents NMP and DMF.
Dioxolane
1,3-Dioxolane is a five-membered cyclic acetal with two oxygen atoms in its ring, a clear liquid used as an industrial solvent and a protecting group for aldehydes and ketones.
Divinyl ether
Divinyl ether (vinyl ether, divinyl oxide) is a volatile ether used as an inhalational anesthetic in the 1930s and now mainly as a monomer in polymer chemistry.
DLin-KC2-DMA
DLin-KC2-DMA, known as KC2, is a synthetic ionizable cationic lipid used in lipid nanoparticles to deliver siRNA, and the ancestor of the clinically approved lipid MC3.
Epichlorohydrin
Epichlorohydrin, also called glycidyl chloride or chloropropylene oxide, is a colorless, flammable epoxide liquid used chiefly to make epoxy resins and synthetic glycerine, and classified as a probable human carcinogen.
Epoxide
An epoxide, also known as an oxirane, is a cyclic ether with one oxygen and two carbon atoms in a strained three-membered ring, making it a key building block in organic synthesis and epoxy resins.
Epoxide ring-opening reactions
Epoxide ring-opening reactions are nucleophilic cleavages of the strained three-membered epoxide ring that release about 27 kcal/mol of strain and yield diols, halohydrins, or amino alcohols.
Ether
An ether, also called an alkoxyalkane, is an organic compound with two organic groups bonded to the same oxygen atom, R–O–R′; ethers are largely inert and widely used as reaction solvents.
Ether peroxides
Ether peroxides are unstable, shock-sensitive peroxide compounds that form spontaneously when ether solvents such as diethyl ether, THF, and dioxane react with oxygen, concentrating dangerously during distillation.
Ethyl vinyl ether
Ethyl vinyl ether (ethoxyethene) is a clear, low-boiling flammable liquid used industrially as a cationic polymerization monomer and in the laboratory to protect alcohols as acetal groups.
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide, also known as oxirane or epoxyethane, is a colorless, flammable gas used mainly as a chemical intermediate and as a sterilant for medical devices.
Eucalyptol
Eucalyptol, also known as 1,8-cineole, is a naturally occurring cyclic ether making up 60 to 85% of eucalyptus oil, used as a flavoring, fragrance, and respiratory medicine.
Fluocinolone Acetonide
Fluocinolone acetonide is a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid, first synthesized at Syntex in 1959, used topically for skin inflammation and in long-acting implants for diabetic macular edema and uveitis.
Fluorinated aryl ethers
Fluorinated aryl ethers are aryl ethers bearing fluorine or perfluoroalkyl groups like OCF3, used in drugs such as riluzole and in pesticides, first synthesized by Yagupol'skii in 1955.
Heteroaryl ethers
Heteroaryl ethers are ethers in which one group attached to oxygen is a heteroaryl group, a structural motif found in drugs such as lansoprazole and flecainide.
Jacobsen epoxidation
The Jacobsen epoxidation, also called the Jacobsen–Katsuki epoxidation, is a catalytic asymmetric reaction that turns unfunctionalized alkenes into chiral epoxides using a chiral manganese-salen catalyst with bleach.
Jacobsen's catalyst
Jacobsen's catalyst is a chiral manganese(III) salen complex introduced in 1990 by Eric Jacobsen and independently by Tsutomu Katsuki for asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized alkenes.
Macrogol
Macrogol, sold as MiraLax, Movicol, and Laxido, is the pharmacopoeial name for polyethylene glycol (PEG), a water-soluble polymer used as an osmotic laxative, bowel preparation, and pharmaceutical excipient.
Methyl tert-butyl ether
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), also called tert-butyl methyl ether, is a volatile, flammable ether used as a gasoline additive, phased out in the United States after 2005.
Methyl vinyl ether
Methyl vinyl ether, also called methoxyethene, is the simplest vinyl ether, an extremely flammable gas used mainly to make copolymers for pharmaceutical and personal-care products.
Methylal
Methylal, also called dimethoxymethane (DMM) or formal, is the dimethyl acetal of formaldehyde, a clear, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like odor used as a fast-evaporating solvent and diesel fuel additive.
Non-phenolic aryl alkyl ethers
Non-phenolic aryl alkyl ethers are ethers in which an alkyl group bonds through oxygen to a benzenoid or polycyclic aromatic ring, as in methoxyarenes and naphthyl methyl ethers.
Nonylphenol ethoxylate
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants made from nonylphenol and ethylene oxide, widely used in detergents, emulsifiers, and textile processing and restricted because they degrade to toxic nonylphenol.
Oxanorbornadiene
Oxanorbornadiene (7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene) is a strained bicyclic organic compound made by Diels-Alder reaction of furan with an alkyne; its dicarboxylate derivatives serve as cleavable, electrophilic linkers in bioconjugation and drug delivery.
Oxepane
Oxepane, also known as hexamethylene oxide or oxacycloheptane, is a saturated seven-membered cyclic ether with formula C₆H₁₂O; its ring is harder to synthesize than six-membered ethers and appears in natural products including artemisinin.
Oxepanoprolinamide
Oxepanoprolinamides are a class of fully synthetic antibiotics developed in Andrew Myers's Harvard laboratory from the lincosamide clindamycin, first reported in 2021; its lead compound iboxamycin and later cresomycin stay active against bacteria resistant to clindamycin.
Oxetane
Oxetane, also called oxacyclobutane or trimethylene oxide, is a strained four-membered cyclic ether (C₃H₆O) first synthesized in the 1870s and widely used in medicinal chemistry.
Paeoniflorin
Paeoniflorin is a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside, the principal active glucoside of peony roots (Paeonia lactiflora), isolated in 1963 and studied for anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular effects.
Palytoxin
Palytoxin is a highly poisonous marine toxin isolated in 1971 from the Hawaiian coral Palythoa toxica, which kills cells by converting the sodium-potassium pump into a channel.
PEGDA hydrogel
A PEGDA hydrogel is a synthetic, biocompatible polymer network formed by light-activated cross-linking of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, used in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotic actuators.