90 articles
PEGylation
PEGylation, also called PEG labeling, is the covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol chains to therapeutic molecules such as proteins to prolong their circulation half-life, first FDA-approved in 1990.
Petroleum ether
Petroleum ether, also called pet ether or ligroin, is a mixture of low-boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons from petroleum used as a nonpolar laboratory solvent despite containing no ether.
Phenyl glycidyl ether
Phenyl glycidyl ether, also called glycidyl phenyl ether or 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane, is a colorless liquid used mainly as a reactive diluent in epoxy resins and regulated as a potential occupational carcinogen.
Photodegradable PEG hydrogel
A photodegradable PEG hydrogel is a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel containing light-cleavable crosslinks, first reported in Science in 2009, that softens, releases molecules, or erodes under precisely controlled irradiation.
Plant oils/soybean oil, epoxylated
Soybean oil, epoxylated (epoxidized soybean oil, ESBO, CAS 8013-07-8) is soybean oil with double bonds converted to epoxides; a PVC plasticizer-stabilizer, food-contact additive, and unapproved EU pesticide entry (EU ID 43).
Poloxamer
Poloxamer, sold under names including Pluronic, is a family of synthetic triblock copolymer surfactants whose concentrated solutions gel near body temperature, making them the leading platform for in situ drug delivery gels.
Poly(p-phenylene oxide)
Poly(p-phenylene oxide), also known as polyphenylene oxide or PPO, is an amorphous engineering thermoplastic made by oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol, first reported by Hay in 1959 and commercialized in 1965.
Polyether ether ketone
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a semi-crystalline, high-performance thermoplastic first produced by Imperial Chemical Industries in 1978, combining a 343 °C melting point with broad chemical resistance.
Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol, also called polyethylene oxide, is a synthetic, water-soluble polymer of ethylene oxide used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and laxatives, and for PEGylation of protein drugs.
Polyoxetane
Polyoxetane is a polyether whose backbone consists of repeating trimethylene oxide units, made by ring-opening polymerization of oxetane and used in energetic propellant binders and lithium battery electrolytes.
Polyoxyethanyl-alpha-tocopheryl sebacate
Polyoxyethanyl-alpha-tocopheryl sebacate (PTS), CAS 263015-34-5, a vitamin E-derived nonionic micelle-forming surfactant; GRAS (GRN 202, Zymes LLC, 2006) as a coenzyme Q10 solubilizer in dietary supplements.
Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers
Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE, also called oxymethylene ethers, OME, or DMMn) are synthetic acetals with formula CH3O(CH2O)nCH3, investigated as diesel substitutes that burn almost soot-free.
Polyphenyl ether
A polyphenyl ether (PPE) is a synthetic compound of phenyl rings joined by ether linkages, used as a high-temperature, radiation-resistant lubricant and diffusion pump fluid.
Polypropylene glycol
Polypropylene glycol, also called polypropylene oxide, is a colorless viscous polyether made by polymerizing propylene oxide, used mainly as the polyol in polyurethanes and as a defoamer and lubricant.
Polysorbate 20
Polysorbate 20, or Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, is a synthetic nonionic surfactant used as a stabilizer in parenteral biologic drug products, with a WHO accepted daily intake of 25 mg/kg.
Polytetramethylene ether glycol
Polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), also called polytetrahydrofuran or PTHF, is a linear polyether diol made from tetrahydrofuran, used mainly to make spandex fibers and polyurethane elastomers.
Propylene oxide
Propylene oxide, also known as methyloxirane, is a highly flammable three-carbon epoxide used mainly to make polyurethane polyols and propylene glycol, and detected in interstellar space in 2016.
Pyran
Pyran is a six-membered non-aromatic heterocycle, formula C₅H₆O, with two double bonds and two isomers, 2H-pyran and 4H-pyran, that appears in natural products like sugars and flavonoids.
Pyranose
A pyranose is the six-membered cyclic ring form of a monosaccharide, a hemiacetal or hemiketal based on the heterocycle pyran, with terms introduced by Norman Haworth in the 1920s.
Salidroside
Salidroside, also called rhodioloside, is a phenylethanoid glycoside occurring in Rhodiola plants and serving as the marker compound of Rhodiola rosea extracts, studied for effects against hypoxia and fatigue.
Styrene oxide
Styrene oxide, also called styrene-7,8-oxide, is the epoxide of styrene, a colorless liquid used as a chemical intermediate and formed in the body from styrene.
Tetraglyme
Tetraglyme, also called G4 or TEGDME, is tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, a high-boiling polar aprotic glyme solvent best known as the standard electrolyte solvent for non-aqueous lithium–oxygen battery research.
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran (THF), also called oxolane, is a clear, water-miscible cyclic ether widely used as a polar aprotic solvent and as the monomer for polytetramethylene ether glycol.
Tetrahydropyran
Tetrahydropyran, also known as oxacyclohexane, is a saturated six-membered cyclic ether with the formula C5H10O, formally cyclohexane with one carbon replaced by oxygen, and the parent of THP protecting groups.
Trichothecene
Trichothecenes are a family of sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced chiefly by Fusarium fungi, with deoxynivalenol the most common. They inhibit protein synthesis and contaminate cereal grains.
Trioxymethylen
Trioxymethylen (1,3,5-trioxane, CAS 110-88-3) is the cyclic trimer of formaldehyde, C3H6O3; a former fungicide and disinfectant, not approved as an EU pesticide active substance since Regulation 2076/2002, used in organic synthesis and as fuel.
Triptolide
Triptolide is a diterpenoid triepoxide natural product isolated in 1972 from the thunder god vine used in traditional Chinese medicine, with antitumor and anti-inflammatory activity.
Triton X-100
Triton X-100, also known as octoxinol or polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, is a mild nonionic surfactant widely used in laboratories to solubilize cell membranes, extract proteins, and inactivate enveloped viruses.
Ullmann condensation
The Ullmann condensation is a copper-catalyzed reaction in which aryl halides couple with amines, phenols, or thiols to form aryl amines, ethers, and thioethers, first reported by Fritz Ullmann in 1901.
Xanthene
Xanthene, also called 9H-xanthene or 10H-9-oxaanthracene, is a tricyclic heterocyclic organic compound, formula C13H10O, that is the parent scaffold of the xanthene dyes such as fluorescein and the rhodamines.