30 articles
1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, also known as dinitrochlorobenzene or DNCB, is an aromatic compound and the standard substrate for glutathione S-transferase assays, once used as a clinical contact sensitizer.
1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, also known as DNFB or Sanger's reagent, is an organofluorine compound Sanger used in 1945 to label insulin's amino groups, work leading to the first protein sequence.
1,3-Dinitrobenzene
1,3-Dinitrobenzene, also called m-dinitrobenzene or 1,3-DNB, is a yellow crystalline aromatic nitro compound with formula C₆H₄N₂O₄, made by nitrating benzene and used to make m-phenylenediamine for aramid fibers and spandex.
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde, also called o-nitrobenzaldehyde, is an organic compound with a nitro group adjacent to the formyl group on a benzaldehyde ring, produced in multi-ton quantities as a pharmaceutical intermediate for drugs such as nifedipine.
2-Nitropropane
2-Nitropropane, also called dimethylnitromethane, is a colorless, fruity-smelling nitroalkane used mainly as a solvent for inks, paints, adhesives, and coatings, and is a possible human carcinogen.
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine, also known as Brady's reagent, is an organic compound used as the standard laboratory test for aldehydes and ketones, giving a bright orange precipitate; when dry it is explosive.
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde, also called meta-nitrobenzaldehyde or m-nitrobenzaldehyde, is an aromatic organic compound (C₇H₅NO₃) formed by nitrating benzaldehyde and used chiefly as an intermediate in pharmaceutical and dye synthesis.
4-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol, also called p-nitrophenol, is a colorless to pale-yellow crystalline phenol derivative used to manufacture drugs such as acetaminophen, fungicides, insecticides, and dyes, and serving as a pH indicator.
4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide
4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide, also written 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide or 4NQO, is a water-soluble quinoline derivative used as a laboratory carcinogen to induce oral squamous cell carcinoma in rodents.
7-Nitroindazole
7-Nitroindazole (7-NI) is an indazole compound that inhibits nitric oxide synthase. Introduced in 1993, it lowers neuronal nitric oxide in living animals without raising blood pressure.
Bronopol
Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, CAS 52-51-7, INN) is a brominated nitro-alcohol preservative and biocide for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial water systems; it kills microbes by thiol oxidation and releases formaldehyde on degradation.
Chloropicrin
Chloropicrin, also known as trichloronitromethane or agent PS, is a colorless, oily, intensely irritating liquid used as a soil fumigant and formerly as a World War I war gas.
Dinitrobenzene
Dinitrobenzene is any of three isomers of benzene bearing two nitro groups, pale crystalline solids used chiefly in dye manufacture and known for causing methemoglobinemia.
Environmental and toxicological effects of nitro compounds
Environmental and toxicological effects of nitro compounds: military explosives such as TNT, RDX, and HMX persist in soil and water, and microbial reduction of nitro groups produces metabolites that damage hemoglobin and DNA.
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride
Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) is a yellow tetrazolium salt reduced to a blue formazan, used in histochemistry and the NBT test for chronic granulomatous disease.
Nitro compound
A nitro compound is an organic molecule bearing the nitro group, –NO₂, valued in synthesis because it reduces readily to amines; the simplest is nitromethane, and multiple nitro groups often make compounds explosive.
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene, also known as oil of mirbane, is a synthetic oily liquid with an odor of bitter almonds, produced from benzene and used almost entirely to make aniline.
Nitrobenzoxadiazole
Nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD), systematically 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole, is a small environmentally sensitive fluorophore first reported in 1968, now widely used as a scaffold for fluorescent probes sensing analytes such as hydrogen sulfide.
Nitroethane
Nitroethane is a colorless, oily nitroalkane liquid with the formula CH₃CH₂NO₂ and a fruity odor, used as a solvent and chemical intermediate and regulated in the United States as a DEA List I chemical.
Nitromethane
Nitromethane (CH3NO2), also sold as Nitrocarbol, is the simplest nitroalkane, a colorless oily liquid serving as an industrial solvent, explosive, and fuel for drag racing and model engines.
Nitropyrene
Nitropyrene is a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formed chiefly in diesel engine exhaust, where the isomer 1-nitropyrene is the most abundant nitroarene and is classified as probably carcinogenic to humans.
Nitrotoluene
Nitrotoluene, also called methylnitrobenzene, is any of three isomeric nitroaromatic compounds with formula C₇H₇NO₂, produced by nitrating toluene; the ortho and para isomers are important dye intermediates.
Octanitrocubane
Octanitrocubane is a powerful organic explosive with a nitro group on each carbon of a cubane cage, first synthesized in 2000 by Philip Eaton and Mao-Xi Zhang in Chicago.
P chloronitrobenzene
p-Chloronitrobenzene (1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene, PNCB) is the para isomer of chloronitrobenzene, a yellow crystalline solid used almost exclusively as a chemical intermediate in dyes, pharmaceuticals, and rubber antioxidants.
Reduction of nitro compounds
Reduction of nitro compounds, also known as nitro group reduction, converts organic nitro groups into amines by hydrogenation or metal-acid methods, the standard industrial route from nitroarenes to anilines.
Tetranitromethane
Tetranitromethane (TNM) is a pale-yellow, acrid-smelling liquid oxidizer with the formula C(NO₂)₄, used in rocket propellants, diesel fuel, explosives, and as a laboratory reagent for nitrating tyrosine in proteins.
Tetryl
Tetryl, also known as tetralite, is a yellow crystalline nitramine explosive used as a booster charge and detonator base charge until the US stopped making it in 1973.
TNT
TNT, or 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (C7H5N3O6), is a yellow, odorless crystalline explosive made by nitrating toluene in three stages, used in military shells, bombs, grenades, and underwater and industrial blasting.
Trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzene (TNB) is any of three isomeric nitro compounds formed by replacing three benzene hydrogens with nitro groups; the symmetric 1,3,5-isomer is a yellow crystalline explosive.
Trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene, better known as TNT, is a yellow, odorless crystalline compound made by nitrating toluene and best known as the most widely used military high explosive.