89 articles
1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, also known as dinitrochlorobenzene or DNCB, is an aromatic compound and the standard substrate for glutathione S-transferase assays, once used as a clinical contact sensitizer.
1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, also known as DNFB or Sanger's reagent, is an organofluorine compound Sanger used in 1945 to label insulin's amino groups, work leading to the first protein sequence.
1,3-Dinitrobenzene
1,3-Dinitrobenzene, also called m-dinitrobenzene or 1,3-DNB, is a yellow crystalline aromatic nitro compound with formula C₆H₄N₂O₄, made by nitrating benzene and used to make m-phenylenediamine for aramid fibers and spandex.
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde, also called o-nitrobenzaldehyde, is an organic compound with a nitro group adjacent to the formyl group on a benzaldehyde ring, produced in multi-ton quantities as a pharmaceutical intermediate for drugs such as nifedipine.
2-Nitropropane
2-Nitropropane, also called dimethylnitromethane, is a colorless, fruity-smelling nitroalkane used mainly as a solvent for inks, paints, adhesives, and coatings, and is a possible human carcinogen.
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine, also known as Brady's reagent, is an organic compound used as the standard laboratory test for aldehydes and ketones, giving a bright orange precipitate; when dry it is explosive.
3-Cyanopyridine
3-Cyanopyridine, also called nicotinonitrile or 3-pyridinecarbonitrile, is an aromatic nitrile with formula C6H4N2, produced by ammoxidation of 3-picoline and hydrolyzed industrially to nicotinamide and nicotinic acid (vitamin B3).
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde, also called meta-nitrobenzaldehyde or m-nitrobenzaldehyde, is an aromatic organic compound (C₇H₅NO₃) formed by nitrating benzaldehyde and used chiefly as an intermediate in pharmaceutical and dye synthesis.
4-Cyanopyridine
4-Cyanopyridine, also called isonicotinonitrile or pyridine-4-carbonitrile, is a white crystalline aromatic nitrile with a cyano group at the 4-position of a pyridine ring, used chiefly to make tuberculosis drugs like ethionamide and isoniazid.
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene, also known as butter yellow, is a lipophilic azo dye once used to color butter and margarine, best known as a potent liver carcinogen in experimental animals.
4-Nitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol, also called p-nitrophenol, is a colorless to pale-yellow crystalline phenol derivative used to manufacture drugs such as acetaminophen, fungicides, insecticides, and dyes, and serving as a pH indicator.
4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide
4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide, also written 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide or 4NQO, is a water-soluble quinoline derivative used as a laboratory carcinogen to induce oral squamous cell carcinoma in rodents.
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), also called FG 9065, is a synthetic quinoxalinedione that competitively blocks AMPA and kainate receptors, first reported in Science in 1988 and widely used to study synaptic transmission.
7-Nitroindazole
7-Nitroindazole (7-NI) is an indazole compound that inhibits nitric oxide synthase. Introduced in 1993, it lowers neuronal nitric oxide in living animals without raising blood pressure.
Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile (CH3CN), also called methyl cyanide or cyanomethane, is the simplest organic nitrile after hydrogen cyanide, a polar, water-miscible liquid used as an industrial and laboratory solvent and produced as a by-product of acrylonitrile manufacture.
Acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile, also known as vinyl cyanide or cyanoethylene, is a colorless, flammable liquid used almost entirely to make acrylic fibers, ABS plastics, and nitrile rubber.
Adiponitrile
Adiponitrile, also called hexanedinitrile or 1,4-dicyanobutane, is an organic dinitrile made mainly by electrochemical hydrodimerization of acrylonitrile or hydrocyanation of butadiene, and hydrogenated to hexamethylenediamine for nylon 6,6.
Alkene diazidation
Alkene diazidation is an organic reaction that adds two azide groups across an alkene's double bond, giving a vicinal diazide easily reduced to a 1,2-diamine.
Allyl isothiocyanate
Allyl isothiocyanate, also known as volatile mustard oil, is an organosulfur compound that gives mustard and wasabi their pungent taste and occurs naturally in cruciferous vegetables like mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.
Analysis and detection of nitrosamines
Analysis and detection of nitrosamines refers to laboratory methods, chiefly GC and LC coupled with mass spectrometry or thermal energy analysis, that identify and quantify trace nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceuticals.
Azide
An azide is a chemical species containing the three-nitrogen group N₃, a linear pseudohalide anion; sodium azide inflates airbags, while organic azides are versatile building blocks in click chemistry.
Azobenzene
Azobenzene is an organic compound of two phenyl rings joined by an azo group, parent of the azo dyes and a widely studied molecular photoswitch.
Azobisisobutyronitrile
Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is an organic compound that splits into radicals and nitrogen gas on heating, used to start polymerizations and as a blowing agent for plastic foams.
Benzonitrile
Benzonitrile, also known as phenyl cyanide, is the simplest aromatic nitrile, a colorless liquid with an almond-like odor made from toluene at about 10 million kg per year, mainly for pharmaceuticals and resins.
Benzyl cyanide
Benzyl cyanide, also known as phenylacetonitrile, is a colorless, toxic nitrile liquid made from benzyl chloride and cyanide, used mainly to produce phenylacetic acid for penicillin manufacture.
Bronopol
Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, CAS 52-51-7, INN) is a brominated nitro-alcohol preservative and biocide for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial water systems; it kills microbes by thiol oxidation and releases formaldehyde on degradation.
Butyronitrile
Butyronitrile, also called butanenitrile or propyl cyanide, is a toxic, highly flammable nitrile that releases cyanide in the body and is used to make pharmaceuticals.
C–H cyanation
C–H cyanation is a class of chemical reactions that replaces a hydrogen atom on a carbon–hydrogen bond with a cyano group, converting substrates directly into organic nitriles without prior functionalization.
Chloropicrin
Chloropicrin, also known as trichloronitromethane or agent PS, is a colorless, oily, intensely irritating liquid used as a soil fumigant and formerly as a World War I war gas.
CS gas
CS gas, also called CS spray, is a synthetic irritant used as a riot control agent and main ingredient of tear gas, first prepared by chemists Corson and Stoughton in 1928.