87 articles
Integrated assessment model
An integrated assessment model (IAM) is a computer model that links climate with economic, energy, and land-use systems to analyze climate policies, used in IPCC assessments.
Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market
The Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM) is an independent governance body that sets quality standards for the voluntary carbon market, publishing the Core Carbon Principles in July 2023.
Joint Implementation
Joint Implementation is one of the Kyoto Protocol's flexibility mechanisms under Article 6, allowing Annex I countries to earn emission reduction units from projects hosted in other industrialized countries.
Juliana v. United States
Juliana v. United States, also known as YouthvGov, was a federal constitutional climate lawsuit filed in Oregon in 2015 by 21 young plaintiffs; it ended in 2025 when the Supreme Court declined review.
Kigali Amendment
The Kigali Amendment, adopted in Kigali, Rwanda, in 2016, is a binding agreement to phase down HFCs and avoid 0.2 to 0.4 °C of warming by 2100.
Klimaschutzgesetz
The Klimaschutzgesetz, formally the Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz, is a German federal law enacted in 2019 that sets binding greenhouse gas targets, including 65% below 1990 levels by 2030.
Local Law 97 (New York City)
Local Law 97 is a 2019 New York City law setting greenhouse gas emissions limits on most large buildings over 25,000 square feet, reaching net zero by 2050.
Loss and Damage Fund
The Loss and Damage Fund (FRLD) is a UN climate fund providing financial support to developing countries vulnerable to climate change, agreed at COP27 in 2022.
Marine cloud brightening
Marine cloud brightening is a proposed solar radiation management technique that would spray sea salt into marine clouds to reflect more sunlight and cool the climate.
Nationally Determined Contributions
Nationally determined contributions, or NDCs, are the climate plans each Paris Agreement country must submit every five years, committing to cut emissions and adapt to climate change.
New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme
The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme is a cap-and-trade program, established in 2008, that prices greenhouse gas emissions across most of the New Zealand economy.
Oil and Gas Methane Partnership 2.0
The Oil and Gas Methane Partnership 2.0 is a UNEP framework, launched in 2020, under which oil and gas companies report methane emissions using measurement-based methods.
Physical climate risk
Physical climate risk is the financial risk from climate hazards such as extreme weather and sea level rise reducing the value of assets like real estate.
Race to Zero
Race to Zero was a United Nations-backed campaign, launched in 2020, rallying businesses, cities, investors, and institutions to halve emissions by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050.
Rajendra K. Pachauri
Rajendra Kumar Pachauri, known as R.K. Pachauri, was an Indian engineer and economist who led TERI in New Delhi and chaired the IPCC from 2002 to 2015.
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+)
REDD+ is a UNFCCC framework under which developing countries receive results-based payments for verified emission reductions from reducing deforestation and forest degradation, plus conservation and sustainable management of forests.
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is a cooperative cap-and-invest program of eleven U.S. states that caps and reduces carbon dioxide emissions from the electric power sector.
Science Based Targets initiative
The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) is a charity that validates corporate emissions reduction targets against climate science, founded by CDP, the UN Global Compact, and WWF.
Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions
Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions are the three categories into which the Greenhouse Gas Protocol divides a company's emissions, covering direct operations, purchased energy, and the value chain.
Stratospheric aerosol injection
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), also called stratospheric sulfate injection, is a proposed solar geoengineering method that would cool Earth by injecting reflective particles into the stratosphere.
Teitiota v. New Zealand
Teitiota v. New Zealand is a 2019 UN Human Rights Committee decision holding that climate change can trigger non-refoulement obligations, though it found no violation for Kiribati man Ioane Teitiota.
United Nations Climate Change Conference
The United Nations Climate Change Conference, commonly called COP, is the annual UNFCCC climate summit where government delegates have negotiated agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement since 1995.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a 1992 international treaty requiring countries to report greenhouse gas emissions, with heavier duties on industrialized ones.
Verra
Verra is a nonprofit organization founded in 2007 and based in Washington, DC, that operates the Verified Carbon Standard, the world's leading carbon crediting program.
Voluntary carbon market
The voluntary carbon market is a market where companies and individuals voluntarily buy carbon credits, each typically representing one ton of CO2 reduced or removed, to offset emissions.
West Virginia v. EPA
West Virginia v. EPA is a 2022 Supreme Court decision, decided 6-3, holding that the EPA lacked authority to cap power plant emissions through generation shifting.
Xiuhtezcatl Martinez
Xiuhtezcatl Martinez, also known as Xiuhtezcatl Tonatiuh and formerly published as Xiuhtezcatl Roske-Martinez, is an American Indigenous climate activist and hip-hop artist who addressed the United Nations at age 15.