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Drought in Australia
Drought in Australia, also known as the Big Dry, refers to prolonged periods of abnormally low rainfall affecting agriculture and water supplies across the continent.
Dry intrusion
A dry intrusion is a stream of cold, very dry air that descends from the upper troposphere behind a cyclone's cold front, producing the cloud-free dry slot.
Dryline
A dryline is a boundary separating moist Gulf of Mexico air from dry desert air, typically running north to south across the Great Plains in spring.
Dual carbon goals
The dual carbon goals (双碳目标) are China's climate commitments, announced by Xi Jinping in 2020, to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality before 2060.
Durban Platform
The Durban Platform for Enhanced Action is a UNFCCC decision adopted at COP 17 in Durban, South Africa, in December 2011, launching negotiations that produced the Paris Agreement.
Dust
Dust, also known as beggar's velvet, is mineral particulate matter lifted from dry land surfaces by wind and carried in the air, reducing visibility and degrading air quality.
Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl, also called the Dirty Thirties, was a 1930s period of drought and dust storms on the Great Plains that drove farming families to migrate.
Dust devil
A dust devil is a small, rapidly rotating whirlwind made visible by dust, formed by surface heating on hot, dry afternoons rather than by a storm cloud.
Dust storm
A dust storm, or sandstorm, is a weather event where strong winds lift sand and dust from dry soil, often forming a miles-long wall of dust.
Dvorak technique
The Dvorak technique is a method for estimating tropical cyclone intensity from satellite imagery, developed by Vernon Dvorak at NOAA in the early 1970s and still the worldwide standard.
Dylan Dreyer
Dylan Dreyer, full name Dylan Marie Dreyer, is an American television meteorologist with NBC News who joined Weekend Today in 2012 and co-hosts the 3rd Hour of Today.
Dynamical downscaling
Dynamical downscaling is a climate modeling technique in which a regional model driven at its boundaries by coarse global simulations produces higher-resolution regional climate projections.
E3SM
E3SM (Energy Exascale Earth System Model) is a coupled Earth system model developed by the U.S. Department of Energy to simulate atmosphere, ocean, land, sea ice, rivers, and land ice.
Eady model
The Eady model is an idealized analytical model of baroclinic instability, introduced by Eric Eady in 1949, which with Charney's 1947 model founded the study of extratropical circulation.
Early Warnings for All
Early Warnings for All is a United Nations initiative, launched by Secretary-General António Guterres in 2022, aiming to cover every person with early warning systems by 2027.
Earth Hour
Earth Hour is an annual WWF campaign in which households and landmarks switch off non-essential lights for one hour on a Saturday in March to show concern about climate change.
EarthCARE
EarthCARE (Earth Cloud Aerosol and Radiation Explorer), nicknamed Hakuryu, is a joint ESA-JAXA satellite launched in 2024 to measure the vertical structure of clouds and aerosols.
East Asian monsoon
The East Asian monsoon is the seasonally reversing wind system over eastern China, Korea, Japan, and the adjacent western North Pacific, bringing wet summers and cold, dry winters.
East Asian rainy season
The East Asian rainy season, called Meiyu in China, Baiu in Japan, and Changma in Korea, is a quasi-stationary frontal system bringing heavy rain in June and July.
East Asian winter monsoon
The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) drives cold, dry air from the Siberian high toward the western Pacific, bringing cold surges, snowfall, and freezing rain to East Asia.
East Atlantic pattern
The East Atlantic pattern is a North Atlantic atmospheric teleconnection, the second leading mode of low-frequency variability in all months, and a key indicator of weather regimes affecting Europe.
East Atlantic/West Russia pattern
The East Atlantic/West Russia (EAWR) pattern is a prominent Northern Hemisphere teleconnection pattern, identified in 1987, that links weather over the North Atlantic and Europe to conditions across Russia and Asia.
East Greenland Ice-core Project
The East Greenland Ice-core Project, known as EastGRIP, drilled a 2,670-meter ice core through the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, the first deep core through a fast-flowing ice stream.
East Troublesome Fire
The East Troublesome Fire was a 2020 wildfire that began near Kremmling, Colorado, and burned 193,812 acres across Grand County and Rocky Mountain National Park, the second-largest fire in Colorado's recorded history.
EC-Earth
EC-Earth is a global Earth system climate model developed by a European consortium of meteorological services and research institutes, founded in 2006 and contributing to CMIP climate comparisons.
ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System
The ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System (ENS) runs many parallel forecasts at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts to estimate probabilities of future weather, operational since 1992.
Eddy covariance
Eddy covariance is a micrometeorological method that measures turbulent fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor, heat, and momentum between the surface and the atmosphere, proposed in 1948.
Edge technique
The edge technique is a direct-detection Doppler lidar method for measuring atmospheric wind, introduced by Korb, Gentry, and Weng in 1992 and used on ESA's Aeolus satellite.
EF5 drought
The EF5 drought, also called the EF5 gap, was the period from 2013 to 2025 with no EF5-rated US tornadoes, the longest since records began in 1950.
Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the Louisiana Superdome
During Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans sheltered over 10,000 evacuees while its roof partially failed and its utilities broke down.