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ERSST
ERSST (Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature) is a NOAA global monthly sea surface temperature analysis, built from ship, buoy, and Argo float observations, with a record back to 1850.
Eruption column
An eruption column is the vertical or near-vertical mixture of pyroclasts, volcanic gas, and entrained air rising from an explosive volcanic vent, from a few hundred meters into the stratosphere.
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD was a Plinian eruption that destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum near the Bay of Naples.
Escarpment
An escarpment is a long, continuous steep slope facing one direction and separating gentler surfaces, formed by faulting or erosion, including great escarpments about a kilometer high.
Escobal
Escobal is an underground silver-gold-lead-zinc mine in Guatemala, 40 km southeast of Guatemala City, producing about 20 million ounces of silver yearly from 2014 to 2017.
Escondida
Escondida is a copper mine in Chile's Atacama Desert, 170 km southeast of Antofagasta, the world's largest copper producer at about 1 million tonnes a year, operated by BHP since 1990.
Essential Climate Variables
Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) are the physical, chemical, or biological variables the Global Climate Observing System has judged critical for characterizing Earth's climate, currently 55 across atmosphere, ocean, and land.
Etalon (satellite)
Etalon is a pair of Russian passive geodetic satellites, Etalon-1 and Etalon-2, launched in 1989 with GLONASS satellites and covered in corner-cube retroreflectors for satellite laser ranging.
ETCCDI indices
ETCCDI indices are a standardized set of 27 climate extremes indices for temperature and precipitation, so that extreme-event statistics from different countries and climate models can be compared directly.
Etesian
The Etesians, known in Greece as the Meltemi, are persistent northerly winds that blow over the eastern Mediterranean and especially the Aegean Sea from May through September.
Euler deconvolution
Euler deconvolution is a semi-automatic method for interpreting magnetic and gravity survey data, estimating the location and depth of field sources by solving Euler's homogeneity equation over moving data windows.
EUMETNET
EUMETNET, the European Meteorological Network, is a network of the National Meteorological Services of 33 European countries that coordinates cooperative programs in observations, forecasting, and warnings.
EUMETSAT
EUMETSAT, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, is an intergovernmental organization in Darmstadt, Germany, that operates Europe's weather satellites and serves 30 Member States.
Euphotic zone
The euphotic zone is the sunlit upper ocean layer where 1 percent of surface light still penetrates, allowing photosynthesis and nearly all marine primary production, typically 40 to 200 meters deep.
Eurasian Plate
The Eurasian Plate is a major tectonic plate carrying most of the Eurasian landmass, bounded by the mid-Atlantic ridge and the ongoing India collision that raised the Himalaya.
EUREC4A
EUREC4A, an international field campaign over the tropical Atlantic east of Barbados in 2020, used four aircraft and research vessels to study trade cumulus clouds and climate sensitivity.
Euro-Argo
Euro-Argo is the European Research Infrastructure Consortium, created in 2014, that coordinates Europe's contribution to Argo, the global array of profiling floats measuring ocean temperature and salinity.
European Flood Awareness System
The European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) is a Copernicus flood forecasting system covering Europe, developed after the 2002 central European floods and operational since 2012.
European Green Deal
The European Green Deal, also called the EU Green Deal, is the European Union's climate and growth strategy, launched in December 2019 to make the EU climate-neutral by 2050.
European macroseismic scale
The European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) is a twelve-degree seismic intensity scale, developed from the MSK-64 scale and used as the standard for rating earthquake shaking in European countries.
European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register
The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) is the European Union's public electronic database of pollutant releases and waste transfers from large industrial facilities, established in 2006.
European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica
The European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) was a European scientific program that drilled deep ice cores in East Antarctica between 1996 and the mid-2000s.
European windstorm
A European windstorm is an intense extratropical cyclone that brings damaging surface winds to Europe, forming over the North Atlantic and ranking among the continent's costliest natural hazards.
Eutrophication
Eutrophication, also spelled eutrofication, is the overenrichment of a water body with nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizer runoff and sewage, causing algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and biodiversity loss.
Evaporation pan
An evaporation pan is a shallow, open, water-filled container used to measure the rate of evaporation from a free water surface, most often to estimate reference evapotranspiration for irrigation scheduling.
Evaporite
An evaporite is a nonclastic sedimentary rock formed when minerals precipitate from saline water as it evaporates, typically including gypsum, anhydrite, and halite (rock salt).
Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration is the combined transfer of water vapor to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and water surfaces and transpiration through plants, key to irrigation and drought planning.
Evolution Mining
Evolution Mining is an Australian gold mining company headquartered in Sydney, formed in November 2011, with six mines across Australia and Canada and additional copper exposure.
Evolution of the Asian monsoon
The evolution of the Asian monsoon is its geological history over the past 55 million years, with onset ages debated from about 55 to 22 Ma.
Exiobase
Exiobase is a global environmentally extended multi-regional input-output database linking economic relationships among countries with environmental pressures such as emissions, water, land, materials, and employment, built through EU-funded projects.