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Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland
The Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland is a 2011 United Nations report assessing oil contamination in Ogoniland, Nigeria's Niger Delta, and recommending a clean-up lasting up to 25 years.
Environmental Defense Fund
The Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) is an American environmental nonprofit founded in 1967 on Long Island, known for the 1990 Clean Air Act's cap-and-trade acid rain program.
Environmental degradation
Environmental degradation, also called environmental damage or ecological degradation, is the deterioration of the natural environment through resource depletion, ecosystem destruction, and pollution, reducing the capacity of land, water, and air to sustain life.
Environmental effects of mining
The environmental effects of mining are the changes mineral extraction imposes on land, water, air, and ecosystems, including acid drainage that can persist for decades after closure.
Environmental flow
An environmental flow is the quantity, timing, and quality of water flow and level needed to sustain aquatic ecosystems, a field of assessment with some 207 methodologies recorded worldwide by 2003.
Environmental hazard
An environmental hazard, also called an environmental health hazard, is a natural or human-made condition that can harm health, ecosystems, or property, with air pollution the deadliest.
Environmental migrant
An environmental migrant, also known as an environmental refugee or ecomigrant, is a person who leaves home because environmental change adversely affects their living conditions.
Eoarchean
The Eoarchean is the earliest era of the Archean eon, spanning 4031 to 3600 million years ago, containing Earth's oldest dated rocks and oldest contested evidence for life.
Eocene
The Eocene is a geologic epoch from 56 to 33.9 million years ago, the second epoch of the Paleogene Period and the longest warm interval of the Cenozoic.
EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
The EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program is a mandatory US system under which large emitters and fossil fuel suppliers report greenhouse gas data annually, established in 2009.
Epicenter
The epicenter, also spelled epicentre, is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the hypocenter, where an earthquake's rupture begins at depth. It is located by triangulation among seismographs.
Epikarst
Epikarst is the uppermost, intensely weathered zone of karstified carbonate rock, also called the subcutaneous zone, acting as a perched aquifer that stores rainwater and regulates recharge to deeper karst.
Epilimnion
The epilimnion is the warm, well-mixed upper layer of a stratified lake, holding the warmest water and mixed by wind, typically 10 to 40 feet thick.
Epilithon
Epilithon is the community of algae, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa that grows attached to rocks and stones in streams and lakes, forming the familiar slimy biofilm.
Equator
The Equator is the imaginary line at 0 degrees latitude halfway between the poles, dividing Earth into two hemispheres and measuring about 40,075 km around.
Equatorial undercurrent
The equatorial undercurrent is a narrow subsurface ocean current flowing eastward along the Equator in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, against the trade winds, about 100 meters deep in the Pacific.
Equatorial upwelling
Equatorial upwelling is the rising of cold, nutrient-rich subsurface water to the ocean surface along the equator, driven by trade winds through Ekman transport and supporting major fisheries.
Equilibrium level
The equilibrium level, also called the level of neutral buoyancy or limit of convection, is the height where a rising air parcel again equals its environment's temperature, approximating the height of thunderstorm tops.
Equinox Gold
Equinox Gold Corp. is a Canadian gold mining company headquartered in Vancouver, founded by Ross Beaty, with mines in Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
Equivalent potential temperature
Equivalent potential temperature, or theta-e, is the temperature an air parcel would reach if all its water vapor condensed and it were brought adiabatically to 1000 mb.
Equivalent source method
The equivalent source method, also called equivalent sources, is a geophysical technique that fits fictitious sources to gravity or magnetic data for interpolation and continuation.
ERA-40
ERA-40 is a global atmospheric reanalysis dataset from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, reprocessing archived observations from September 1957 to August 2002 with a fixed forecasting model, and succeeded by ERA-Interim and ERA5.
ERA5
ERA5 is the fifth generation global atmospheric reanalysis produced by ECMWF for the Copernicus Climate Change Service, combining observations with a weather model from 1940 onward.
Eratosthenes (Ἐρατοσθένης)
Eratosthenes (Ἐρατοσθένης) of Cyrene, c. 276 to 194 BC, was a Greek scholar who led the Library of Alexandria, measured the Earth's circumference, and devised the Sieve of Eratosthenes for finding prime numbers.
Erciyes Volcanic Complex
Erciyes Volcanic Complex (Erciyes Dağı, Argaeus Mons) is central Anatolia's largest active stratovolcano, 3917 m, with a 14 × 18 km Koç Dağ caldera, Holocene Karagüllü, Perikartin, and Dikkartin tuff-ring eruptions, and Kayseri built on its deposits.
Eric A. D’Asaro
Eric A. D'Asaro is an American physical oceanographer at the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory who developed the Lagrangian float and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2014.
Ero Copper Corp.
Ero Copper Corp. is a Canadian mining company, founded in 2016 and headquartered in Vancouver, that operates copper and gold mines in Bahia, Pará, and Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Erosion
Erosion is the removal of soil, rock, or dissolved material by surface processes such as flowing water, wind, and ice, which transport it elsewhere for deposition.
Erosion control
Erosion control is the practice of preventing or reducing the wearing away of land by water, wind, and related processes, applied on farmland, construction sites, forests, and streambanks.
Erosion susceptibility mapping
Erosion susceptibility mapping is a geospatial modeling method that combines environmental factor layers with machine learning classifiers to classify land into erosion-proneness categories, supporting land-use planning and soil conservation.