6,052 articles
List of Indian mathematicians
The list of Indian mathematicians covers the documented figures of a tradition running from Vedic geometry through Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, the Kerala School's calculus, and the modern era of Ramanujan and the Tata Institute.
List of logarithmic identities
The list of logarithmic identities, also called the laws of logs, gives the product, quotient, power, and change-of-base rules used to expand and condense logarithms in algebra.
List of logic symbols
Logic symbols are the fixed signs of formal logic for connectives, quantifiers, truth constants, and proof relations, such as ¬, ∧, ∨, →, ↔, ∀, ∃, ⊢, and ⊨.
List of lowest-income places in the United States
A list of the states, cities, and communities with the lowest household incomes or highest poverty rates in the United States, drawn mainly from Census Bureau American Community Survey data.
List of mathematical functions
The list of mathematical functions covers elementary functions like the exponential, logarithm, and trigonometric functions, and special functions including gamma, Bessel, Legendre, and hypergeometric functions, organized by the NIST DLMF.
List of mathematical series
The list of mathematical series, also covering partial sum formulae, collects the important named series such as the geometric, harmonic, and zeta series, with their convergence and sums.
List of number fields with class number one
The list of number fields with class number one covers rings of integers with unique factorization, including the nine imaginary quadratic discriminants 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 19, 43, 67, and 163.
List of numbers
A list of numbers is a reference catalog of notable numbers, organized by number type, named classes like perfect numbers, and mathematical constants such as π and e.
List of paradoxes
The list of paradoxes collects the best-known paradoxes of logic, mathematics, statistics, and ancient philosophy, including the Liar, Russell's, the sorites, Zeno's, Simpson's, and the Monty Hall problem.
List of prime numbers
The list of prime numbers is the infinite ordered sequence 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and so on: integers greater than 1 divisible only by 1 and themselves.
List of probability distributions
The list of probability distributions, also known as the list of statistical distributions, catalogs named probability distributions, discrete and continuous, including the normal, binomial, and Poisson distributions.
List of publications in mathematics
The list of publications in mathematics is a curated record of the mathematical literature, from Euclid's Elements of 300 BC to modern reviewing databases like MathSciNet and zbMATH Open.
List of representations of e
The list of representations of e collects the infinite series, limits, continued fractions, and infinite products converging to e, the base of the natural logarithm, equal to about 2.71828.
List of statements independent of ZFC
A list of statements independent of ZFC, also undecidable in ZFC: assertions neither provable nor disprovable from standard set theory axioms, such as the Continuum Hypothesis.
List of trigonometric identities
The list of trigonometric identities, also known as trig identities, collects equations relating the trigonometric functions, from the Pythagorean identity sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 to addition, double-angle, and product-to-sum formulas.
List of types of numbers
Types of numbers are sets of mathematical objects with operations obeying specified rules, classified by hierarchy, algebraic properties, integer properties, and numeral systems used to write them.
List of U.S. states and territories by educational attainment
A Census Bureau ranking of U.S. states and territories by residents' educational attainment, chiefly high school and bachelor's degree shares among adults 25 and over.
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
The list of unsolved problems in mathematics covers famous open problems such as the Riemann hypothesis, P versus NP, and the Millennium Prize Problems, each worth $1 million.
Lists of integrals
Lists of integrals, also called tables of integrals, are reference collections cataloging antiderivatives and definite integrals, ranging from textbook appendices to Gradshteyn and Ryzhik's 1,171-page handbook.
Lists of mathematics topics
Lists of mathematics topics, such as the topical outline of mathematics, enumerate the fields and subfields of mathematics, most formally through the Mathematics Subject Classification maintained by Mathematical Reviews and zbMATH.
Little's law
Little's law, or Little's theorem, is a theorem of queueing theory stating that L = λW: average number in a system equals arrival rate times average time.
Littlewood conjecture
The Littlewood conjecture is an open problem in Diophantine approximation, stating that every pair of real numbers can be simultaneously approximated by rationals with the same denominator.
Littlewood–Offord problem
The Littlewood–Offord problem asks for the largest probability that a random signed sum of fixed coefficients lands on one value or in a small interval; Paul Erdős proved the sharp bound in 1945.
Littlewood–Richardson rule
The Littlewood–Richardson rule is a combinatorial rule for computing the Littlewood–Richardson coefficients that expand products of Schur functions, stated by Littlewood and Richardson in 1934.
Living Standards Measurement Study
The Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) is a World Bank household survey program established in 1980 to improve the quality of household data collected in developing countries for policymaking.
LLL lattice reduction
LLL lattice reduction is a 1982 algorithm by Lenstra, Lenstra, and Lovász that turns a lattice basis into short, nearly orthogonal vectors in polynomial time.
LMFDB
The LMFDB (L-functions and Modular Forms Database) is an open-source online database at www.lmfdb.org cataloging L-functions, modular forms, and related mathematical objects, first released in 2016.
Löb's theorem
Löb's theorem, proved by Martin Löb in 1955, states that if a theory proves that a provable sentence is true, the theory already proves that sentence.
Local class field theory
Local class field theory is the part of number theory that classifies abelian extensions of a local field, identifying their Galois groups with quotients of the field's multiplicative group.
Local cohomology
Local cohomology is a construction in commutative algebra, introduced by Grothendieck in the early 1960s, whose functors measure a module's behavior near a closed set and test depth.