42,772 articles
Ray K. Linsley
Ray K. Linsley (1917–1990) was an American hydrologist and Stanford civil engineering professor, remembered as a father of modern hydrology and elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1976.
Ray transfer matrix analysis
Ray transfer matrix analysis, also called ABCD matrix analysis, is a geometric optics method that traces a paraxial light ray through an optical system by multiplying 2×2 ABCD matrices.
Raychaudhuri equation
The Raychaudhuri equation, also called the Landau–Raychaudhuri equation, is an equation in general relativity that describes how a congruence of geodesics converges or expands, derived by Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri in 1955.
Raygorodok Gold Mine
The Raygorodok Gold Mine is an open-pit gold mine in northern Kazakhstan's Akmola Region and one of the country's largest single gold deposits, with 194.2 tonnes of contained gold.
Rayleigh (unit)
The rayleigh (R) is a photometric unit proposed in 1956 to measure the brightness of airglow and the aurora, equal to 10⁶ photons per square centimeter per second.
Rayleigh damping
Rayleigh damping is a structural dynamics damping model in which the damping matrix is a linear combination of the mass and stiffness matrices, allowing modal decoupling.
Rayleigh distribution
The Rayleigh distribution is a continuous probability distribution for the magnitude of a 2D vector with independent zero-mean Gaussian components, derived by Lord Rayleigh in 1880.
Rayleigh number
The Rayleigh number (Ra) is a dimensionless number measuring a fluid layer's tendency to develop convection when heated from below, defined by Lord Rayleigh in 1916.
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh scattering is the scattering of light by particles much smaller than its wavelength, strongest for short wavelengths. It is why the sky is blue and sunsets are red.
Rayleigh wave
A Rayleigh wave is a seismic surface wave traveling along the free surface of an elastic solid, predicted by Lord Rayleigh in 1885 and producing retrograde elliptical particle motion.
Rayleigh wave tomography
Rayleigh wave tomography is a seismological imaging method that measures Rayleigh wave dispersion along earthquake–station paths and inverts it for 3-D shear-wave velocity models of the crust and upper mantle.
Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Rayleigh–Bénard convection is the fluid motion in a horizontal layer heated from below that begins when the temperature difference exceeds a critical Rayleigh number of about 1708.
Rayleigh–Jeans law
The Rayleigh–Jeans law, derived by Lord Rayleigh in 1900 and corrected by Jeans in 1905, gives the classical blackbody spectrum and fails at high frequencies, the ultraviolet catastrophe.
Rayleigh–Plateau instability
The Rayleigh–Plateau instability is the capillary instability by which surface tension breaks a cylindrical jet of fluid into droplets, fragmenting faucet streams and limiting inkjet printing.
Rayleigh–Taylor instability
The Rayleigh–Taylor instability is the interpenetration and mixing of two fluids when a lighter fluid accelerates a heavier one, first described by Lord Rayleigh in 1880.
Rayleigh's inflection-point criterion
Rayleigh's inflection-point criterion is a theorem in hydrodynamic stability stating that inviscid instability of a parallel shear flow requires an inflection point in its velocity profile.
Raymond A. Dwek
Raymond A. Dwek, born 1941, is a British biochemist at the University of Oxford who founded and directed the Oxford Glycobiology Institute and coined the term glycobiology.
Raymond A. Price
Raymond A. Price (1933–2024) was a Canadian structural geologist whose mapping and synthesis of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains made the Cordilleran foreland thrust belt a worldwide reference model.
Raymond Arthur Kreig
Raymond Arthur Kreig is an American civil engineer and permafrost-terrain specialist in Anchorage, Alaska, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2025 for his Trans-Alaska Pipeline work.
Raymond Carroll
Raymond J. Carroll, born 1949, is an American biostatistician, Distinguished Professor at Texas A&M University, known as the founder of nonlinear measurement error modeling and winner of the 1988 COPSS Presidents' Award.
Raymond Cecil Moore
Raymond Cecil Moore (1892–1974) was an American geologist and paleontologist at the University of Kansas who founded and edited the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology and led the Kansas Geological Survey.
Raymond Davis Jr.
Raymond Davis Jr. was an American chemist at Brookhaven National Laboratory who built the first detector to observe solar neutrinos, winning the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Raymond Dean Astumian
Raymond Dean Astumian is a professor of physics at the University of Maine known for his work on Brownian motors and the thermodynamics of molecular machines, including a 1997 Science paper cited more than 1,400 times.
Raymond Dingledine
Raymond Dingledine is an American neuropharmacologist known for discovering that glycine acts with glutamate at NMDA receptors, and for epilepsy research that spawned two biotech companies.
Raymond E. Goldstein
Raymond E. Goldstein is a British and American biological physicist at the University of Cambridge, a Royal Society Fellow known for research on microbial swimming and the evolution of multicellularity.
Raymond E. Schaak
Raymond E. Schaak is an American solid-state chemist, the DuPont Professor of Materials Chemistry at Penn State, known for cation-exchange synthesis of vast nanoparticle libraries.
Raymond Flood (mathematician)
Raymond Flood is a mathematician and educator who was Gresham Professor of Geometry from 2012 to 2016, after a long career in adult education at the University of Oxford.
Raymond Herb
Raymond Herb was an American experimental nuclear physicist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison who pioneered the pressurized electrostatic accelerator, the tandem accelerator, and the pelletron.
Raymond Hide
Raymond Hide (1929–2016) was a British physicist at Cambridge, the Met Office, and Oxford whose rotating-annulus experiments first demonstrated Rossby waves and whose 1966 work explained the westward drift of Earth's magnetic field.
Raymond Jeanloz
Raymond Jeanloz is an American geophysicist and high-pressure mineral physicist, professor at UC Berkeley, whose 1987 iron melting-curve experiments gave the first experimental bound on Earth's core temperature.