42,772 articles
Raymond John Fonck
Raymond John Fonck is an American fusion plasma physicist, professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, known for the Pegasus spherical tokamak and pioneering fusion spectroscopy diagnostics.
Raymond Laflamme
Raymond Laflamme (1960–2025) was a Canadian quantum information scientist at the University of Waterloo, founding director of its Institute for Quantum Computing and a pioneer of quantum error correction.
Raymond Lemieux
Raymond Urgel Lemieux was a Canadian organic chemist who made the first chemical synthesis of sucrose in 1953 and won the 1999 Wolf Prize in Chemistry.
Raymond Louis Wilder
Raymond Louis Wilder (1896–1982) was an American mathematician who created generalized manifolds, spent most of his career at the University of Michigan, and led the American Mathematical Society.
Raymond Lyttleton
Raymond Arthur Lyttleton (1911–1995) was a British mathematician and theoretical astronomer who co-created the Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion theory and proposed capture-based origins for the Solar System and comets.
Raymond M. Fuoss
Raymond Matthew Fuoss (1905–1987) was an American physical chemist who worked on electrolytes, dielectrics, and polymers, and held the first Sterling professorship in Yale's chemistry department.
Raymond Paley
Raymond Edward Alan Christopher Paley (1907–1933) was an English mathematician who worked with Littlewood, Wiener, and Zygmund, and died at 26 in an avalanche near Banff, Alberta.
Raymond Pierrehumbert
Raymond T. Pierrehumbert is Halley Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford, a climate dynamicist known for Snowball Earth research and the textbook Principles of Planetary Climate.
Raymond S. Bradley
Raymond S. Bradley is an American paleoclimatologist, emeritus professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, whose multiproxy reconstructions of past global temperature produced the "Hockey Stick" curve.
Raymond Simmonds
Raymond W. Simmonds is an American physicist at NIST in Boulder, Colorado, whose superconducting quantum circuit research helped establish quantum information processing; he won a 2007 PECASE award.
Raymond Stora
Raymond Stora (1930–2015) was a French theoretical physicist who co-discovered BRST symmetry with Becchi and Rouet, and the Stora–Zumino descent equations for anomalies, winning the Max Planck Medal in 1998.
Raymond Thayer Birge
Raymond Thayer Birge (1887–1980) was an American physicist at the University of California, Berkeley, known for his 1929 determination of best values of the fundamental physical constants.
Raymond Ziessel
Raymond Ziessel is a French materials chemist, a CNRS research director at the Université de Strasbourg, known for luminescent BODIPY dyes, artificial light harvesting, and organic solar cells.
RayStation
RayStation is a commercial treatment planning system for radiation therapy developed by RaySearch Laboratories of Stockholm, Sweden, used to plan photon, proton, carbon ion, and brachytherapy treatments.
Rayyan
Rayyan is a web and mobile application for initial title and abstract screening in systematic reviews, developed at the Qatar Computing Research Institute in Doha.
Rb–Sr dating
Rb–Sr dating is a radiometric method that determines geological ages by measuring the decay of radioactive rubidium-87 into strontium-87, dating igneous crystallization, metamorphic events, or a rock's last heating.
RBx-2258 (parvosin)
RBx-2258 (parvosin, pamirosin; Schwarz code SPM 969) was Ranbaxy's first proprietary drug candidate, a uro-selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist for benign prostatic hyperplasia, licensed to Schwarz Pharma in 2002 and discontinued in Phase 2 in 2004.
RC time constant
The RC time constant of a resistor–capacitor circuit is the product of resistance and capacitance, τ = RC, setting how fast a capacitor charges and discharges.
Re’em Sari
Re’em Sari, born in Israel in 1971, is a theoretical astrophysicist and professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, known for gamma-ray burst jets and Kuiper-belt binaries.
Reaction coordinate
A reaction coordinate is a geometric parameter, typically a bond length or bond angle, whose value measures the progress of an elementary reaction; it forms the x-axis of energy profiles.
Reaction intermediate
A reaction intermediate is a molecular entity formed from reactants that reacts further to give products, existing at an energy minimum between the transition states of a stepwise reaction's elementary steps.
Reaction mass spectrometry
Reaction mass spectrometry is a family of mass spectrometry methods using gas-phase ion–molecule reactions, including CI-MS, FA, SIFT-MS, and PTR-MS, for trace gas analysis and reaction kinetics.
Reaction mechanism
A reaction mechanism, also called a chemical mechanism, is the stepwise sequence of elementary reactions, intermediates, and electron movements by which an overall chemical reaction occurs.
Reaction quotient
The reaction quotient, denoted Q, is calculated from the concentrations or partial pressures of products and reactants at any moment, in the same form as the equilibrium constant.
Reaction rate
The reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction converts reactants into products, the central quantity of chemical kinetics; catalysts raise it by lowering activation energy.
Reaction rate constant
The reaction rate constant, also called the rate coefficient, is the proportionality factor k in a rate law linking reaction rate to reactant concentrations; it depends on temperature.
Reaction–diffusion system
A reaction–diffusion system is a set of coupled partial differential equations describing substances spreading by diffusion while reacting, the standard mathematical model of spontaneous pattern formation.
Reactionless drive
A reactionless drive, also called inertial propulsion, is a hypothetical propulsion device producing thrust without expelling reaction mass, conflicting with momentum conservation and never confirmed experimentally.
Reactions and applications of polyhydric phenols
Reactions and applications of polyhydric phenols covers benzene rings bearing two or more hydroxyl groups, whose adjacent hydroxyls drive oxidation, metal chelation, crosslinking, and industrial uses.
Reactions of benzylic alcohols
Reactions of benzylic alcohols covers the oxidation, substitution, and C–H functionalization chemistry of alcohols attached directly to benzene rings, whose resonance stabilization enables selective conversion to aldehydes, acids, and ketones.