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Decarbonylative C–N bond activation of amides
Decarbonylative C–N bond activation of amides is a synthetic organic chemistry strategy where a transition-metal catalyst inserts into the amide C–N bond and expels carbon monoxide.
Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation, or the decarboxylation reaction, removes a carboxyl group from a molecule and releases it as carbon dioxide, underlying the citric acid cycle and modern synthetic methods.
Decarboxylative alkylation
Decarboxylative alkylation is a carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction that transfers an alkyl group from a carboxylic acid to a coupling partner with loss of carbon dioxide, typically via alkyl radicals, first reported by Francesco Minisci in 1968.
Decarboxylative alkynylation
Decarboxylative alkynylation is a family of chemical reactions in which carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide and couple to an alkyne unit, giving milder conditions than classical alkyne syntheses and applications in chemical biology and drug discovery.
Decarboxylative amidation
Decarboxylative amidation is an organic reaction in which carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide and form carbon–nitrogen bonds, yielding amides or alkylamines valued in drug synthesis.
Decarboxylative amination
Decarboxylative C–N coupling is a family of carbon–nitrogen bond-forming reactions in which carboxylic acids, activated as redox-active esters, replace organohalides and release CO2, spanning transition-metal, photoredox, electrochemical, and metal-free methods.
Decarboxylative borylation
Decarboxylative borylation is a chemical reaction that converts a carboxylic acid into a boronic ester with loss of carbon dioxide, replacing the carboxyl group with boron.
Decarboxylative borylation of redox-active esters
Decarboxylative borylation of redox-active esters converts NHPI esters of carboxylic acids into alkyl boronate esters with loss of carbon dioxide, becoming a practical synthesis tool after 2017 breakthroughs.
Decarboxylative C–H functionalization
Decarboxylative C–H functionalization is a synthetic strategy in organic chemistry that forms carbon–carbon bonds by combining C–H activation with decarboxylation, with applications including the Minisci reaction of heteroarenes.
Decarboxylative C(sp3)–N coupling with ammonia
Decarboxylative C(sp3)–N coupling with ammonia is a strategy for converting alkyl carboxylic acids into alkyl amines, replacing the carboxyl group with an amino unit while releasing carbon dioxide.
Decarboxylative coupling
Decarboxylative coupling is a cross-coupling method in organic chemistry that forms carbon–carbon bonds from carboxylic acids with loss of carbon dioxide, avoiding preformed organometallic reagents; catalytic variants date to 2006.
Decarboxylative cross-coupling of redox-active esters
Decarboxylative cross-coupling of redox-active esters is a family of radical reactions in which NHPI esters made from carboxylic acids release carbon dioxide and form new C–C and C–heteroatom bonds.
Decarboxylative fluorination
Decarboxylative fluorination is a chemical reaction converting carboxylic acids into fluorinated compounds, replacing the carboxyl group with fluorine while releasing carbon dioxide, under conditions milder than classical fluorination methods.
Decarboxylative fluoromethylation
Decarboxylative fluoromethylation is a family of organic reactions in which carboxylic acids lose CO2 to give alkyl fluorides or fluoroalkyl products, best known from 2015 visible-light photoredox fluorination.
Decarboxylative Giese addition
Decarboxylative Giese addition is an organic reaction in which a carbon radical, generated by loss of carbon dioxide from a carboxylic acid, adds to an electron-deficient alkene.
Decarboxylative hydroxylation
Decarboxylative hydroxylation is a chemical transformation that converts carboxylic acids into alcohols or phenols with one fewer carbon atom, achieved by photocatalytic, electrochemical, and enzymatic methods.
Decarboxylative radical addition
Decarboxylative radical addition is an organic reaction in which a carboxylic acid loses carbon dioxide to give a carbon-centered radical that adds to an alkene, forming a new carbon–carbon bond.
Decarboxylative radical cascade
A decarboxylative radical cascade is a one-pot organic synthesis in which loss of carbon dioxide from a carboxylic acid generates a radical that forms two or more bonds sequentially.
Decarboxylative trifluoromethylation
Decarboxylative trifluoromethylation is a family of chemical reactions in which carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide and gain a trifluoromethyl (CF3) group, forming a new C–CF3 bond.
Decatungstate photocatalysis
Decatungstate photocatalysis is the use of the tungsten-based polyoxometalate anion [W10O32]4−, commonly as its tetrabutylammonium salt TBADT, to functionalize aliphatic carbon–hydrogen bonds under mild conditions.
Decay chain
A decay chain, also called a radioactive series, is the sequence of successive radioactive decays an unstable nucleus and its daughters undergo until a stable nucleus forms.
Decca Navigator
The Decca Navigator System was a British hyperbolic radio-navigation system, the primary coastal positioning system for world shipping from the late 1940s until GPS displaced it in the 1990s.
Deccan Traps
The Deccan Traps is a large flood basalt province in west-central India, mainly in Maharashtra, formed by massive eruptions about 66 million years ago at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary.
Deceleration
Deceleration is a reduction in speed: acceleration directed opposite to an object's velocity. The word was coined in 1894 in railroading, and the verb decelerate followed in 1899.
Deceleration parameter
The deceleration parameter is a dimensionless number, written q, that measures whether the universe's expansion slows or speeds up; its present negative value confirms accelerating expansion.
December
December is the twelfth and final month of the Gregorian calendar, with 31 days. Its name comes from Latin decem, "ten", from the early Roman year.
December 1983 cold wave
The December 1983 cold wave, also called the Great Freeze of '83, was an Arctic outbreak that set record lows across the United States and killed at least 151 people.
December 2009 North American blizzard
The December 2009 North American blizzard was a nor'easter that dropped up to 30 inches of snow on the East Coast from December 18 to 20, 2009.
Decibel
The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit expressing ratios of power or amplitude, named for Alexander Graham Bell and used in acoustics, electronics, and audio.
Decidability (logic)
Decidability in logic is the property of a formal system, theory, or class of questions for which an algorithm answers every instance with a yes or a no.