42,772 articles
Deep eutectic solvent extraction
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction is a separation method that uses deep eutectic solvents, typically hydrogen bond donor and acceptor mixtures, to isolate compounds from plant material, oils, and aqueous samples.
Deep eutectic solvents
Deep eutectic solvents are mixtures of hydrogen bond acceptors and donors whose freezing point falls far below those of the components, described in 2003 for choline chloride and urea.
Deep inelastic scattering
Deep inelastic scattering is a particle physics technique in which high-energy leptons scatter off nucleons to probe their quarks and gluons, first observed at SLAC in the late 1960s.
Deep inference
Deep inference is a proof-theoretic methodology in which inference rules apply at any depth inside logical expressions, not just at the root of a formula.
Deep learning in gravitational-wave astronomy
Deep learning in gravitational-wave astronomy applies neural networks, especially CNNs, to detect and localize gravitational waves and classify glitches, complementing matched filtering in LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA searches.
Deep Potential
DeePMD, short for Deep Potential Molecular Dynamics, is a method using deep neural networks trained on ab initio data to run molecular dynamics simulations at greatly reduced computational cost.
Deep reinforcement learning flow control
Deep reinforcement learning flow control is the use of neural-network agents trained by trial and error to manipulate fluid flows, prominent since 2017 in drag reduction and turbulence control.
Deep sea
Deep sea: ocean below about 200 m where light fades; also called the aphotic, twilight, midnight, abyssal, and hadal zones. Cold (~4°C), high pressure, food-poor; explored by bathysphere, Trieste, and DEEPSEA CHALLENGER; targeted for seabed mining.
Deep sea drilling
Deep sea drilling is the scientific recovery of sediment and rock cores from beneath the ocean floor by research drillships, run through international programs since Project Mohole in 1961.
Deep Sea Drilling Project
The Deep Sea Drilling Project was a US-led scientific ocean drilling program run from Scripps Institution of Oceanography that used the drillship Glomar Challenger to core the deep seafloor from 1968 to 1983.
Deep Sea Warrior (AUV)
The Deep Sea Warrior (Shenhai Yongshi) is China's second deep-sea manned submersible, a 4,500-meter-class crewed vehicle delivered in 2017 that reached 4,534 meters on its first dive test.
Deep Space Atomic Clock
The Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC) was a NASA technology demonstration of a small, ultra-precise mercury-ion atomic clock, operated in Earth orbit from 2019 to 2021.
Deep Space Climate Observatory
The Deep Space Climate Observatory, also known as DSCOVR or Triana, is an American spacecraft at the Sun-Earth L1 point, launched in 2015 to monitor solar wind and image Earth.
Deep time
Deep time is the concept that Earth's history spans billions of years beyond human intuition. John McPhee coined the phrase in 1981; the idea traces to James Hutton.
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international neutrino experiment that will send a beam 1,300 km underground from Fermilab in Illinois to liquid-argon detectors at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota.
Deep well injection
Deep well injection disposes of liquid waste by pumping it into porous rock thousands of feet below drinking water aquifers, regulated in the US as Class I wells.
Deep-level defects
Deep-level defects are crystal imperfections in semiconductors whose electronic states sit deep in the band gap, trapping carriers and limiting lifetime in devices like LEDs and HEMTs.
Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) is a NOAA tsunami monitoring system pairing seafloor pressure recorders with moored surface buoys, expanded to 39 US stations in 2008.
Deep-submergence vehicle
A deep-submergence vehicle (DSV), also called a human-occupied vehicle when crewed, is a submersible launched from a support ship to work at great ocean depths.
DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey
The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey was a spectroscopic survey of roughly 60,000 galaxies at redshift z ~ 1, observed with the DEIMOS spectrograph on the Keck II telescope.
Deeply virtual Compton scattering
Deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) is the exclusive reaction where a high-energy lepton scatters from a nucleon that emits a real photon and remains intact, first observed in 2001.
DeepMD active learning
DeepMD active learning, automated by the DP-GEN framework, trains Deep Potential interatomic potentials by iteratively labeling only the atomic configurations the model is most uncertain about, cutting expensive quantum-mechanical calculations.
DeePMD-kit
DeePMD-kit is an open-source package, written in Python and C++, that trains deep neural network potentials from quantum-mechanical data and runs molecular dynamics with them.
Deepsea Challenger
Deepsea Challenger, also known as DCV 1, is a one-person full-ocean-depth submersible built in Sydney, Australia, and piloted by James Cameron to Challenger Deep on March 26, 2012.
DeepSolid
DeepSolid is an open-source implementation of a periodic neural-network wavefunction ansatz for ab initio quantum Monte Carlo calculations of crystalline solids, released by ByteDance in 2022 alongside a Nature Communications paper.
Deepto Chakrabarty
Deepto Chakrabarty is an American astrophysicist who heads the MIT Department of Physics and studies neutron stars, earning the Bruno Rossi Prize for X-ray timing work.
Defect chemistry
Defect chemistry is the branch of solid-state chemistry that treats imperfections in crystals, such as vacancies, as chemical species whose equilibria govern conductivity, catalysis, and color in functional materials.
Defect engineering
Defect engineering is the deliberate creation and control of imperfections in a material's crystal lattice so the defects serve useful functions, especially in two-dimensional materials like graphene.
Defect engineering in metal–organic frameworks
Defect engineering in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is the intentional control of structural defects, such as missing linkers or missing metal clusters, to tailor adsorption, catalytic, and mechanical properties.
Defect-tolerant perovskite hypothesis
The defect-tolerant perovskite hypothesis holds that lead-halide perovskite semiconductors keep long carrier lifetimes despite many crystallographic defects, since their defects form shallow rather than deep traps.