42,772 articles
Dynamical Casimir effect
The dynamical Casimir effect converts vacuum fluctuations of a quantum field into real photons through fast boundary changes, first observed in superconducting circuits in 2011.
Dynamical decoupling
Dynamical decoupling is a quantum control technique that applies timed pulse sequences to qubits to average away environmental noise, extending coherence time and improving gate fidelity.
Dynamical downscaling
Dynamical downscaling is a climate modeling technique in which a regional model driven at its boundaries by coarse global simulations produces higher-resolution regional climate projections.
Dynamical friction
Dynamical friction is the systematic deceleration a massive body, such as a satellite galaxy or star, experiences moving through lighter particles, derived by Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar in 1943.
Dynamical gauge fields in cold atoms
Dynamical gauge fields in cold atoms are engineered quantum systems in which ultracold atoms in optical lattices simulate lattice gauge theories, reaching real-time dynamics beyond classical computation.
Dynamical lifetimes and stability of small Solar System bodies
The dynamical lifetime of a small Solar System body is how long it stays in a given orbital region before ejection, collision, or transfer to another class.
Dynamical mean-field theory
Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) is a non-perturbative computational method for strongly correlated electron systems, introduced by Antoine Georges and Gabriel Kotliar in 1992 to describe the Mott metal-insulator transition.
Dynamical quantum phase transition
A dynamical quantum phase transition is a sharp nonanalyticity in the real-time evolution of a quantum many-body system, typically after a quantum quench, introduced in 2013.
Dynamical Relaxation
Dynamical relaxation is the process by which a self-gravitating stellar system approaches statistical equilibrium, proceeding through two-body encounters or through violent relaxation driven by potential fluctuations.
Dynamical symmetry
Dynamical symmetry, also called hidden symmetry, is a symmetry of a quantum or classical system whose Hamiltonian is invariant under phase-space transformations beyond geometric symmetries.
Dynamical system
A dynamical system is a mathematical model of a process whose future is determined by its present state, through a state space and an evolution rule.
Dynamical triangulations
Dynamical triangulations (DT) is a lattice formulation of quantum gravity, arising in the 1980s, that replaces the path integral over spacetime geometries with a sum over equilateral simplicial triangulations.
Dynamical tunnelling
Dynamical tunnelling is quantum tunnelling between phase-space regions separated by classical dynamics rather than a static potential barrier, first described by Davis and Heller in 1981.
Dynamics (mechanics)
Dynamics, also known as classical dynamics, is the branch of mechanics studying how forces cause motion, in contrast with kinematics, and rests on Newton's laws of motion.
Dynamo model
A dynamo model is a mathematical and numerical description of how convecting, electrically conducting fluid in a planetary core or star generates and sustains a magnetic field.
Dynamo theory
Dynamo theory describes how the motion of an electrically conducting fluid, such as molten iron in a planetary core or ionized plasma in a star, generates magnetic fields.
Dyne
The dyne (symbol dyn) is the unit of force in the CGS system, defined as the force accelerating one gram at one centimeter per second squared.
Dynkin diagram
A Dynkin diagram is a graph encoding a root system, with one vertex per simple root, introduced by Evgeny Dynkin in 1947 to classify semisimple Lie algebras.
Dysnomia (moon)
Dysnomia is the only known moon of the dwarf planet Eris, discovered in 2005 and named for the Greek goddess of lawlessness, daughter of Eris.
Dyson equation
The Dyson equation is the integral equation of quantum field theory relating the full interacting Green's function to a reference one and the self-energy, introduced by Freeman Dyson in 1949.
Dyson's eternal intelligence
Dyson's eternal intelligence is a speculative scenario proposed by Freeman Dyson in 1979 under which intelligent life in an ever-expanding, ever-cooling universe could continue thinking forever using only finite energy, by slowing metabolism and hibernating.
Dysprosium
Dysprosium, element 66, is a silvery heavy lanthanide metal discovered in 1886 and used mainly to make neodymium magnets heat-resistant in electric vehicles and wind turbines.
Dysprosocenium
Dysprosocenium is a class of dysprosium metallocene cations that behave as single-molecule magnets, first synthesized at the University of Manchester in 2017 with hysteresis up to 60 kelvin.
Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
The Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is an antisymmetric exchange coupling that favors twisted spin arrangements with a fixed chirality, arising from spin–orbit coupling in magnetic systems lacking inversion symmetry.
E (mathematical constant)
e, also known as Euler's number or Napier's constant, is the base of the natural logarithm, an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to 2.71828, named for Leonhard Euler.
E Ring
The E Ring is the outermost of Saturn's named rings, a faint, diffuse band of water-ice grains continuously supplied by the geysers of the moon Enceladus.
E-An Zen
E-an Zen (1928–2014) was an American geologist at the U.S. Geological Survey, best known for settling the Taconic rocks debate and helping found igneous geobarometry; he joined the National Academy of Sciences in 1976.
E-Government Act of 2002
The E-Government Act of 2002 is a United States federal law signed by President George W. Bush on December 17, 2002, to improve electronic government services.
E-mode polarization
E-mode polarization is the curl-free (gradient-like) component of the cosmic microwave background's linear polarization, produced by Thomson scattering and first detected by DASI in 2002.
E-value
The E-value is a sensitivity-analysis measure in epidemiology that quantifies the minimum confounding strength needed to explain away an observed association, introduced by VanderWeele and Ding in 2017.