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Eddington limit
The Eddington limit is the maximum luminosity a body of given mass can sustain, where outward radiation pressure balances gravity; it caps stars and accreting black holes.
Eddington ratio
The Eddington ratio is the ratio of an object's bolometric luminosity to its Eddington luminosity, the standard measure of how fast a black hole accretes relative to the radiation-pressure limit.
Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld gravity
Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld gravity (EiBI gravity) is a nonlinear modification of general relativity proposed by Bañados and Ferreira in 2010, which avoids the big bang singularity.
Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates
Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates are horizon-penetrating coordinates for Schwarzschild spacetime, built from the ingoing or outgoing null coordinate v or u, which extend the metric smoothly through the event horizon at r = 2M.
Eddy (fluid dynamics)
An eddy is a rotating, swirling motion of fluid within a larger flow, from momentary vortices in a stream to mesoscale ocean eddies spanning 10 to 100 kilometers that carry heat, salt, and carbon.
Eddy covariance
Eddy covariance is a micrometeorological method that measures turbulent fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor, heat, and momentum between the surface and the atmosphere, proposed in 1948.
Eddy current
An eddy current, also called a Foucault current, is a loop of current induced within a conductor by a changing magnetic field, flowing in closed loops perpendicular to the field.
Eddy viscosity
Eddy viscosity, also called turbulent viscosity, is a coefficient introduced by Joseph Boussinesq in 1877 that relates Reynolds stresses to mean strain rate in turbulent flow, forming the basis of most engineering turbulence models.
Eddy Y. Zeng
Eddy Y. Zeng (曾永平) is a Chinese environmental scientist known for work on microplastics and organic pollutants, a professor at South China University of Technology since 2024.
Edelstein effect
The Edelstein effect is the generation of spin polarization by an electric field or current in materials with broken inversion symmetry, typically via spin-orbit coupling.
Edgar Bright Wilson
Edgar Bright Wilson Jr., known professionally as E. Bright Wilson, was an American physical chemist at Harvard whose theoretical work shaped molecular spectroscopy from the late 1930s.
Edgar Buckingham
Edgar Buckingham (1867–1940) was an American physicist at the National Bureau of Standards whose 1914 paper set out the Buckingham pi theorem, and whose soil-water work founded soil physics.
Edgar Fahs Smith
Edgar Fahs Smith (1854–1928) was an American chemist, a pioneer of electrochemistry, and provost of the University of Pennsylvania from 1911 to 1920 who collected chemical memorabilia.
Edgar Gilbert
Edgar Nelson Gilbert (1923–2013) was an American mathematician and coding theorist who spent 48 years at Bell Laboratories, publishing 85 papers on coding theory, random graphs, percolation, and shuffling.
Edgar H. Brown
Edgar H. Brown, born Edgar Henry Brown, Jr. (1926–2021), was an American algebraic topologist at Brandeis University known for the Brown representability theorem and Brown–Peterson spectrum.
Edgar Solomonik
Edgar Solomonik is a computer scientist in numerical parallel computing, an associate professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and a 2025 recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.
Edgar William Richard Steacie
Edgar William Richard Steacie (1900–1962) was a Canadian physical chemist known for free radical kinetics, who led the National Research Council of Canada as president from 1952 until his death.
Edge coloring
Edge coloring assigns colors to a graph's edges so that edges meeting at a common endpoint get different colors; the chromatic index is the minimum number of colors required.
Edge connectivity
Edge connectivity, also called line connectivity, is a graph invariant that counts the minimum number of edges whose deletion disconnects a graph, measuring network robustness.
Edge dislocation
An edge dislocation is a line defect in a crystal lattice formed by the end of an extra half-plane of atoms; its gliding under shear stress carries plastic deformation in crystals.
Edge technique
The edge technique is a direct-detection Doppler lidar method for measuring atmospheric wind, introduced by Korb, Gentry, and Weng in 1992 and used on ESA's Aeolus satellite.
Edge wave
An edge wave is a surface ocean wave trapped against a sloping coast by refraction, propagating along the shoreline with an amplitude that decays rapidly offshore.
Edge-localized mode
The edge-localized mode (ELM) is a magnetohydrodynamic instability at the edge of tokamak plasmas in H-mode, periodically ejecting bursts of energy and particles, and controlling it is a central problem for ITER.
EDGES
EDGES, a radio astronomy experiment by Arizona State University and MIT, claimed in 2018 the first detection of the global 21-centimeter signal from Cosmic Dawn.
Edgeworth David
Edgeworth David was a Welsh-born Australian geologist who discovered the South Maitland coalfield, led the first ascent of Mount Erebus, and served as a military geologist in World War I.
Edgeworth expansion
The Edgeworth expansion is an asymptotic expansion approximating the distribution or density of a standardized statistic, such as a sample mean, as a normal distribution plus correction terms.
Ediacaran
The Ediacaran, also called the Vendian, is the last geological period of the Proterozoic, from about 635 to 538.8 million years ago, before the Cambrian.
Edith M. Flanigen
Edith M. Flanigen (1929–2026) was an American industrial chemist who pioneered molecular sieves, invented zeolite Y manufacture, and was the first woman to win the Perkin Medal.
Édith Mourier
Édith Mourier (1920–2017) was a French probabilist whose work on random elements in Banach spaces shaped probability in metric spaces; her name survives in the Fortet–Mourier distance.
Edith Widder
Edith Widder is an oceanographer and deep-sea explorer specializing in bioluminescence who invented stealth camera systems that produced the first video of a live giant squid in 2012.