42,772 articles
Elastic fiber
An elastic fiber, or elastic tissue, is an extracellular matrix bundle about 90% elastin that lets skin, lungs, blood vessels, and other vertebrate tissues stretch and recoil.
Elastic metasurfaces for mode conversion
Elastic metasurfaces for mode conversion are thin engineered surfaces of subwavelength unit cells that convert elastic waves between longitudinal and transverse modes, reaching near-perfect efficiency.
Elastic modulus
The elastic modulus, also called the modulus of elasticity, is the ratio of stress to strain in a deformed material, a stiffness measure in pascals; Young's, bulk, and shear moduli are its principal forms.
Elastic recoil detection
Elastic recoil detection, also called forward recoil scattering, is an ion beam analysis technique first reported in 1976 that measures light elements, especially hydrogen, in thin films.
Elastic scattering
Elastic scattering is a collision between particles in which the system's kinetic energy is conserved, so particles deflect or exchange momentum without exciting, ionizing, or creating anything new.
Elastic wave cloaking
Elastic wave cloaking uses engineered metamaterials to steer elastic waves, such as seismic and flexural waves, around a region so it remains undetected by the wave field.
Elastic-rebound theory
Elastic-rebound theory explains earthquakes as the sudden release of elastic strain that builds up in rock around a locked fault, proposed by Harry Fielding Reid after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
Elasticity (physics)
Elasticity in physics is the property of a solid by which deformation from applied forces reverses when the forces are removed, quantified through stress, strain, and elastic moduli.
Elasticity tensor
The elasticity tensor is the fourth-rank tensor relating stress to strain in a solid, the tensorial statement of Hooke's law with 21 independent constants at most.
Elasto-inertial turbulence
Elasto-inertial turbulence (EIT) is a chaotic flow state in viscoelastic fluids, named in 2013, in which polymer elastic stresses and flow inertia sustain disordered motion. It is linked to maximum drag reduction.
Elastocaloric effect
The elastocaloric effect is the reversible temperature change produced in a material by applying or removing mechanical stress, the basis of solid-state cooling using shape-memory alloys.
Elastocapillarity
Elastocapillarity is the coupling between capillary forces and elastic deformation of soft solids; the elastocapillary length, surface tension over elastic modulus, separates capillarity- from elasticity-dominated scales.
Elastography
Elastography, also known as tactile imaging, is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that measures tissue stiffness using ultrasound or MRI, most commonly to detect liver fibrosis.
Elastomer
An elastomer is a polymer that displays rubber-like elasticity, stretching to twice its length and returning to shape; examples include natural rubber, neoprene, and SBR.
Elbio Dagotto
Elbio Dagotto is a condensed matter physicist known for proposing that phase separation explains colossal magnetoresistance in manganites, holding a split University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge appointment since 2004.
Eldon Hansen
Eldon Hansen, full name Eldon Robert Hansen, is an American mathematician born in 1927, coauthor of Global Optimization Using Interval Analysis and namesake of interval methods.
Eldorado Gold
Eldorado Gold Corporation is a Canadian mid-tier gold mining company headquartered in Vancouver, producing 488,268 ounces of gold in 2025 from mines in Canada, Türkiye, and Greece.
ELECTRE
ELECTRE (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité), also known as the ELECTRE method, is a family of outranking methods in multi-criteria decision analysis developed by Bernard Roy since the mid-1960s.
Electret
An electret is a dielectric material carrying a permanent or quasi-permanent electric charge without external power, the electrostatic counterpart of a permanent magnet, coined by Oliver Heaviside.
Electric arc
An electric arc, also known as a voltaic arc or arc discharge, is a self-sustaining electrical discharge through plasma between electrodes, used in welding and steelmaking and seen in lightning.
Electric charge
Electric charge, also called electrostatic charge, is a physical property of matter that comes in positive and negative forms; like charges repel, unlike charges attract.
Electric current
Electric current is the rate at which electric charge flows past a point or through a surface, measured in amperes, where one ampere is one coulomb per second.
Electric dipole moment
The electric dipole moment, written p, is a vector measuring the separation of positive and negative charge, defined as p = qd and measured in coulomb-meters or debye.
Electric dipole transition
An electric dipole transition (E1 transition) is the dominant type of radiative transition between quantum states of an atom or molecule, called "allowed" in spectroscopy.
Electric displacement field
The electric displacement field, or electric flux density, is a vector field in electromagnetism defined as D = ε0E + P, so Gauss's law counts only free charges.
Electric field
An electric field is a vector field generated by electric charge giving the force per unit charge at each point, proposed by Michael Faraday in the nineteenth century.
Electric field lines
Electric field lines are curves whose tangent at each point gives the electric field's direction, pointing away from positive charges and toward negative ones, a visualization devised by Faraday.
Electric flux
Electric flux is a scalar measure of how much electric field passes through a surface, connecting the field on a closed surface to enclosed charge.
Electric potential
Electric potential, also called electrostatic potential, is the potential energy per unit charge at a point in space, measured in volts and defined as V = U/q.
Electric potential energy
Electric potential energy, also called electrostatic energy, is the energy a system of charges has by virtue of their positions in an electric field; a free charge converts it into kinetic energy.