42,772 articles
Eight-crossing molecular knot
An eight-crossing molecular knot is a synthetic molecule knotted with eight crossing points on one closed loop, exemplified by the 192-atom 819 knot tied at Manchester in 2017.
Eiichi Nakamura (chemist)
Eiichi Nakamura (中村栄一, born 1951 in Tokyo) is a Japanese organic and organometallic chemist at the University of Tokyo, known for iron-catalyzed C–H activation and functionalized fullerenes.
Eiji Ohtani
Eiji Ohtani (大谷 栄治) is a Japanese high-pressure geophysicist and emeritus professor at Tohoku University, known for pioneering melting experiments on mantle minerals and rocks.
Eiji Saitoh
Eiji Saitoh (齊藤英治) is a Japanese condensed matter physicist and University of Tokyo professor who discovered the inverse spin Hall effect in 2006 and the spin Seebeck effect in 2008.
Eiji Yashima
Eiji Yashima (八島 栄次), born in Kyoto in 1958, is a Japanese supramolecular polymer chemist known for artificial helical polymers and the memory of macromolecular helicity.
Eiko Ohtsuka
Eiko Ohtsuka (大塚榮子) is a Japanese nucleic acids chemist, professor emerita at Hokkaido University, known for synthesizing RNA and DNA and for work underlying today's nucleic acid medicines.
Eikonal approximation
The eikonal approximation is a high-energy, small-angle method for computing scattering amplitudes, treating the projectile's path as a straight line with the interaction acting as an accumulated phase.
Eileen Martin
Eileen Martin is a computational geophysicist and associate professor at Colorado School of Mines who develops fiber-optic seismic sensing algorithms and won a 2025 PECASE.
Einar Hille
Einar Hille (1894–1980) was an American mathematician, born in New York and raised in Stockholm, who created the abstract theory of semigroups of operators and proved the Hille–Yosida theorem with Kōsaku Yosida.
Einselection
Einselection, short for environment-induced superselection, is a quantum-mechanical process introduced by Wojciech Zurek in 1981 in which interaction with an environment selects stable pointer states.
Einstein and Eddington
Einstein and Eddington refers to the scientific relationship between Albert Einstein and Cambridge astronomer Arthur Eddington, whose 1919 eclipse expedition gave general relativity its first observational confirmation.
Einstein cluster
The Einstein cluster is a static, spherically symmetric solution of general relativity introduced by Albert Einstein in 1939, describing a spherical shell of massive particles on circular geodesic orbits with no material pressure.
Einstein coefficients
Einstein coefficients are three constants quantifying the rates of spontaneous emission, absorption, and stimulated emission between two energy levels of an atom or molecule, introduced by Albert Einstein in 1916–1917.
Einstein constraint equations
The Einstein constraint equations are four of the ten Einstein field equations that contain no time derivatives, instead restricting the geometry and matter prescribed on a spacelike hypersurface.
Einstein equivalence principle
The Einstein equivalence principle (EEP) combines universality of free fall, local Lorentz invariance, and local position invariance; if it holds, gravity must be curved spacetime.
Einstein field equations
The Einstein field equations, or Einstein's equations, are the central equations of general relativity, relating spacetime curvature to matter and energy, published by Einstein in 1915.
Einstein manifold
An Einstein manifold is a manifold with a pseudo-Riemannian metric whose Ricci tensor is proportional to the metric, the analog of vacuum solutions of general relativity's field equations.
Einstein notation
Einstein notation, also called the Einstein summation convention, is a notational convention in which an index appearing twice in a term is implicitly summed, omitting the summation sign.
Einstein relation (kinetic theory)
The Einstein relation, also called the Stokes–Einstein or Einstein–Smoluchowski relation, connects diffusion coefficient D and mobility μ by D = μkBT, the first fluctuation-dissipation theorem, derived in 1905.
Einstein ring
An Einstein ring, also called a Chwolson ring, is a ring-shaped image of a distant light source formed by gravitational lensing when source, lens, and observer align.
Einstein solid
The Einstein solid is a mathematical model treating each atom of a crystal as an identical quantum harmonic oscillator, introduced by Albert Einstein in 1907.
Einstein static universe
The Einstein static universe is a cosmological model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917, in which a finite, motionless universe is held static by a cosmological constant.
Einstein synchronisation
Einstein synchronisation is a convention for setting distant clocks to the same time by exchanging light signals, introduced in §1 of Albert Einstein's 1905 paper on special relativity.
Einstein Telescope
The Einstein Telescope is a proposed European third-generation gravitational-wave observatory, an underground laser interferometer with 10 km arms designed to be about 10 times more sensitive than current detectors.
Einstein tensor
The Einstein tensor, or Einstein curvature tensor, is a symmetric tensor built from the metric and its curvature that appears on the left side of the Einstein field equations.
Einstein–Brillouin–Keller method
The Einstein–Brillouin–Keller (EBK) method, also called torus quantization, is a semiclassical quantization scheme that assigns an action condition with a Maslov phase correction to each invariant torus of an integrable classical system.
Einstein–Cartan theory
Einstein–Cartan theory is a modification of general relativity in which spacetime has torsion tied to the spin of matter, proposed by Élie Cartan in 1922.
Einstein–Hilbert action
The Einstein–Hilbert action is the functional in general relativity whose metric variation yields the Einstein field equations, built from the Ricci scalar and introduced by Hilbert in 1915.
Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations
The Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations, or EIH equations, give the motion of gravitating bodies in general relativity to first post-Newtonian order, derived by Einstein, Infeld, and Hoffmann in 1938 and used in solar-system ephemerides.
Einstein–Oppenheimer relationship
The Einstein–Oppenheimer relationship was the association between Albert Einstein and J. Robert Oppenheimer, who overlapped at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study, where Oppenheimer directed and Einstein was its most famous faculty member.